Table 1.
Metabolic syndrome score* according to plasma vitamins B6 and B12, erythrocyte folate and plasma homocysteine concentrations among school-aged children from Mesoamerica
| Biomarker quartile (median) | n † | Mean | sd | Unadjusted difference 95 % CI | Adjusted difference 95 % CI | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1‡ | Model 2§ | ||||||||
| Plasma PLP (nmol/l) | |||||||||
| Q1 (36) | 50 | 0·02 | 0·21 | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| Q2 (49) | 52 | –0·04 | 0·20 | –0·05 | –0·13, 0·02 | –0·05 | –0·12, 0·02 | –0·07 | –0·14, 0·00 |
| Q3 (65) | 67 | 0·03 | 0·24 | 0·01 | –0·07, 0·09 | 0·02 | –0·05, 0·09 | 0·00 | –0·07, 0·07 |
| Q4 (107) | 60 | 0·01 | 0·24 | 0·00 | –0·09, 0·08 | –0·01 | –0·09, 0·06 | –0·02 | –0·10, 0·06 |
| P trend ‖ | 0·69 | 0·88 | 0·87 | ||||||
| Plasma vitamin B12 (pmol/l) | |||||||||
| Q1 (191) | 58 | 0·10 | 0·24 | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| Q2 (297) | 58 | –0·02 | 0·23 | –0·12 | –0·20, –0·03 | –0·10 | –0·18, –0·02 | –0·07 | –0·15, 0·01 |
| Q3 (404) | 60 | –0·03 | 0·21 | –0·13 | –0·21, –0·05 | –0·14 | –0·22, –0·06 | –0·12 | –0·20, –0·05 |
| Q4 (719) | 59 | –0·03 | 0·20 | –0·12 | –0·20, –0·04 | –0·14 | –0·22, –0·05 | –0·13 | –0·21, –0·04 |
| P trend | 0·02 | 0·01 | 0·008 | ||||||
| Erythrocyte folate (nmol/l) | |||||||||
| Q1 (531) | 58 | 0·02 | 0·23 | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| Q2 (735) | 59 | –0·01 | 0·22 | –0·03 | –0·11, 0·06 | –0·03 | –0·11, 0·04 | 0·01 | –0·07, 0·08 |
| Q3 (858) | 59 | –0·02 | 0·19 | –0·03 | –0·11, 0·04 | 0·00 | –0·08, 0·07 | 0·04 | –0·02, 0·11 |
| Q4 (1169) | 59 | 0·03 | 0·26 | 0·01 | –0·08, 0·10 | 0·04 | –0·05, 0·14 | 0·11 | 0·01, 0·20 |
| P trend | 0·75 | 0·21 | 0·02 | ||||||
| Plasma Hcys (µmol/l) | |||||||||
| Q1 (3·8) | 57 | 0·00 | 0·26 | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| Q2 (5·5) | 60 | 0·02 | 0·23 | 0·02 | –0·07, 0·11 | 0·05 | –0·03, 0·13 | 0·02 | –0·06, 0·10 |
| Q3 (7·5) | 59 | –0·02 | 0·19 | –0·03 | –0·11, 0·05 | 0·05 | –0·03, 0·14 | 0·03 | –0·05, 0·12 |
| Q4 (10·5) | 59 | 0·02 | 0·23 | 0·01 | –0·08, 0·10 | 0·07 | –0·02, 0·17 | 0·06 | –0·04, 0·16 |
| P trend | 0·99 | 0·18 | 0·22 | ||||||
PLP, pyridoxal phosphate; Hcys, homocysteine.
Component scores (waist circumference, homoeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, mean arterial pressure, serum HDL-cholesterol and serum TAG) were computed by regressing each log-transformed component on sex and log-transformed age in linear regression models to obtain standardised residuals. After the HDL-cholesterol score was multiplied by −1, the overall score was calculated as the average of the five component scores.
n may be less than 237 due to missing values.
From linear regression models adjusted for height-for-age Z score, maternal height, highest parental education level, household food security, number of household assets and country of origin. Estimates for the vitamins were adjusted for each other but not for Hcys; estimates for Hcys were adjusted for all vitamins.
Adjusted for covariates in model 1 plus log-transformed total energy intake and intake of dairy, meat, fish and green leafy vegetables.
From linear regression models with the metabolic score as the outcome and a variable representing medians of ordinal categories of the predictor introduced as a continuous covariate. Robust estimates of variance were specified in all models.