Table 3.

Demographic and clinical characteristics by major postoperative complication status and results of univariable logistic regression

Characteristic	No major complication (n = 266 [82%])	Major complication (n = 61 [18%])	Univariable logistic regression
			OR (95% CI)	P
Age	62.0 (56.0–69.0)	63.0 (56.0–73.0)	1.01 (0.99–1.04)	0.3
Male	229 (86)	45 (74)	0.45 (0.15–1.37)	0.2
ASA 2	58 (22)	5 (8.2)	Reference
ASA 3	208 (78)	56 (92)	3.128 (0.89–11.02	0.077
BMI	27.6 (24.9–31.1)	28.6 (26.0–32.5)	1.04 (1.01–1.07)	0.003
Smoking, ever	169 (64)	36 (59)	0.83 (0.54–1.28)	0.4
Asthma	10 (3.8)	8 (13)	3.86 (2.01–7.42)	<0.0001
COPD	14 (5.3)	2 (3.3)	0.61 (0.29–2.16)	0.4
HTN	81 (30)	13 (21)	0.62 (0.29–1.32)	0.2
CAD	22 (8.3)	6 (10)	1.21 (0.71–2.05)	0.5
DM	43 (16)	12 (20)	1.27 (0.93–1.74)	0.14
CKD	1 (0.4)	0 (0)
Preoperative chemoradiation	230 (86)	41 (69)	0.38 (0.24–0.58)	<0.0001
Surgical duration, h	5.7 (4.7–7.3)	6.0 (5.0–7.4)	1.09 (0.96–1.24)†	0.2
Estimated blood loss, L	0.3 (0.2–0.5)	0.3 (0.2–0.6)	2.25 (1.46–3.46)	0.0002
RBCs per 100 mL	0.0 (0.0–10.5)*	0.0 (0.0–10.5)	1.21 (1.11–1.31)	<0.0001
FFP			NA	NA
Yes	1 (0.4)	1 (1.6)
Platelets			NA	NA
Yes	2 (0.8)	0 (0)
RBCs, yes	10 (3.8)	7 (11)	3.32 (1.34–8.23)	0.01
Total fluid, L	6.4 (5.1–7.6)	6.7 (5.4–7.9)	1.09 (0.96–1.25)‡	0.2
Norepinephrine equivalent dose, μg/kg	3.6 (0.1–20.5)	10.0 (0.1–22.3)	1.00 (0.99–1.02)	0.5

Values are presented as no. (%) or median (25th–75th percentile). ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification; BMI, body mass index; CAD, coronary artery disease; CI, confidence interval; CKD, chronic kidney disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; FFP, fresh frozen plasma; HTN, hypertension; NA, not applicable; OR, odds ratio; RBCs, red blood cells; total fluid, crystalloid + colloid.

^*Data are median (minimum–maximum).

^†Per hour increase in surgical duration.

^‡Per liter increase in total fluid.