Table 2.
Smartphone usage of individuals with BD and HC.
| Individuals with BD (n = 22) | HC (n = 23) | Value | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| App usage on smartphone | 100% | 100% | ||
| 54.5% | 43.5% | X2(1) = 0.55 | 0.458 | |
| 95.5% | 91.3% | X2(1) = 0.31 | 0.577 | |
| - Other communication (e.g., Skype, Viber) | 18.2% | 52.2% | X2(1) = 5.67 | 0.017* |
| - Physical activity (e.g., Runtastic) | 13.6% | 26.1% | X2(1) = 1.09 | 0.297 |
| - Sleep | 0% | 8.7% | X2(1) = 2.00 | 0.157 |
| - Others | 36.4% | 39.1% | X2(1) = 16.99 | 0.386 |
| Smartphone check during week | X2(4) = 4.46 | 0.348 | ||
| - Only when ringing | 18.2% | 4.3% | ||
| −1–2 times a day | 0% | 4.3% | ||
| −3–4 times a day | 31.8% | 26.1% | ||
| - Almost every hour | 36.4% | 34.8% | ||
| - Several times an hour | 13.6% | 30.4% | ||
| Smartphone check during weekend | X2(2) = 4.10 | 0.353 | ||
| Only when ringing | 18.2% | 4.3% | ||
| −1–2 times a day | 0% | 8.7% | ||
| −3–4 times a day | 36.4% | 30.4% | ||
| - Almost every hour | 31.8% | 34.8% | ||
| - Several times an hour | 13.6% | 21.7% | ||
| Almost instant reply to messages | 50% | |||
| Change in response time in depressed mood | ||||
| - No | 16.7% | |||
| - Yes, extended | 75.0% | |||
| - Yes, shortened | 8.3% | |||
| Change in response time in euphoric mood | ||||
| - No | 33.3% | |||
| - Yes, extended | 8.3% | |||
| - Yes, shortened | 58.3% |
BD, bipolar disorder; HC, healthy controls;
*
p < 0.05. Significant results are presented in bold.