Table 3.
Sleeping times measured with PSQI, UP! app, and Axivity accelerometer in individuals with BD and HC.
| Individuals with BD (M ± SD) | HC (M ± SD) | Value | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PSQI (nBD = 22, nHC = 23) | ||||
| - Time falling asleep | 22:45 (±1:45) | 22:41 (±0:41) | U = 243.50 | 0.827 |
| - Time waking up | 6:52 (±1:12) | 6:46 (±0:43) | U = 247.50 | 0.900 |
| - Sleeping duration (hours) | 7.18 (±1.78) | 6.92 (±1.21) | U = 204.00 | 0.260 |
| - Duration falling asleep (min) | 24.75 (±26.69) | 18.57(±11.97) | U = 247.50 | 0.900 |
| - Subjective sleep quality | 0.95 (±0.72) | 0.91(± 0.60) | U = 246.00 | 0.858 |
| - Sleep disturbances | 1.00 (±0.54) | 1.04(±0.37) | T(43) = −0.32 | 0.751 |
| - Sum score | 6.95 (±4.38) | 5.26(±2.83) | U = 195.00 | 0.185 |
| App (nBD = 12, nHC = 15) | ||||
| - Time falling asleep | 23:03 (±1:00) | 23:06 (± 0:51) | U = 807.50 | 0.903 |
| - Time waking up | 7:31 (±0:51) | 7:09 (0:46) | T(25) = 1.16 | 0.257 |
| Tracker (nBD = 21, nHC = 20) | ||||
| - Time falling asleep | 23:35 (±1:25) | 23:33 (±1:11) | T(39) = 0.08 | 0.934 |
| - Time waking up | 7:15 (±0:51) | 7:20 (±0:59) | T(39) = −0.28 | 0.778 |
BD, bipolar disorder; HC, healthy controls; PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; M, mean (of sleeping times); SD, standard deviation.