TABLE 3.

Brain region-specific parameter estimates for absolute volumes generated using the Gompertz model^a.

	AR			SR			Pooled SEM			P-valueb
ROI Parameterc	a	b	g	a	b	g	a	b	g	a	b	g
Whole brain	151089.61	0.34	0.11	153903.08	0.32	0.11	4997.735	0.015	0.007	0.576	0.059	0.667
Gray matter	69604.52	0.08	0.11	72534.30	0.04	0.07	8589.139	0.180	0.045	0.733	0.805	0.315
White matter	53922.68	0.77	0.17	56369.77	0.74	0.17	1392.552	0.033	0.009	0.116	0.355	0.985
Cerebrospinal fluid	30667.48	0.86	0.13	29942.62	0.80	0.14	2884.166	0.040	0.015	0.782	0.132	0.308
Cerebral aqueduct	80.68	0.03	0.10	73.15	–0.09	0.08	12.047	0.135	0.051	0.536	0.380	0.479
Corpus callosum	1505.90	0.42	0.08	1625.90	0.41	0.10	333.400	0.068	0.016	0.721	0.906	0.226
Cerebellum	26643.50	0.47	0.09	23953.70	0.51	0.10	6700.800	0.092	0.018	0.690	0.651	0.626
Fourth ventricle	211.60	–0.05	0.06	176.80	–0.05	0.07	42.549	0.166	0.009	0.279	0.986	0.245
Hypothalamus	389.00	0.36	0.10	434.80	0.43	0.11	42.842	0.040	0.013	0.292	0.106	0.491
Left caudate	1095.20	0.27	0.06	1263.80	0.28	0.08	258.000	0.105	0.013	0.599	0.939	0.421
Left cortex	45716.40	0.40	0.10	45043.70	0.37	0.14	2781.800	0.116	0.013	0.764	0.704	0.013
Left hippocampus	1458.70	0.44	0.08	1315.20	0.43	0.10	227.700	0.060	0.014	0.439	0.843	0.279
Left inferior colliculus	382.30	0.48	0.07	424.20	0.46	0.08	59.245	0.091	0.014	0.484	0.796	0.420
Left internal capsule	2246.40	0.33	0.08	2336.10	1.30	–0.01	414.200	0.641	0.078	0.868	0.349	0.471
Left olfactory bulb	3805.20	0.43	0.11	3721.50	0.43	0.14	388.700	0.097	0.015	0.775	0.980	0.011
Left putamen-globus pallidus	759.80	0.33	0.06	679.10	0.31	0.08	154.400	0.106	0.015	0.604	0.839	0.189
Left superior colliculus	898.20	0.46	0.07	941.30	0.45	0.08	163.100	0.080	0.013	0.793	0.975	0.276
Lateral ventricle	2030.70	0.36	0.07	2088.50	2.73	2.06	409.400	1.531	1.256	0.888	0.343	0.333
Medulla	6267.00	0.63	0.09	5610.70	0.72	0.10	1324.200	0.136	0.017	0.476	0.620	0.584
Midbrain	6118.80	0.34	0.09	6499.20	0.37	0.10	258.400	0.038	0.009	0.149	0.471	0.711
Pons	4101.10	0.51	0.09	5598.90	0.49	0.11	991.600	0.098	0.013	0.322	0.824	0.153
Right caudate	1485.60	0.38	0.06	1159.10	0.28	0.07	424.000	0.111	0.015	0.318	0.384	0.384
Right cortex	44509.30	0.40	0.10	45076.90	0.35	0.13	2725.700	0.118	0.013	0.836	0.481	0.019
Right hippocampus	1372.30	0.50	0.08	1458.40	0.41	0.09	281.000	0.114	0.013	0.761	0.343	0.191
Right inferior colliculus	476.20	0.53	0.06	491.50	0.45	0.08	95.504	0.093	0.015	0.902	0.357	0.165
Right internal capsule	2107.90	0.32	0.08	1981.60	0.26	0.10	234.100	0.056	0.013	0.593	0.281	0.086
Right olfactory bulb	3663.90	0.37	0.13	3755.30	0.45	0.13	499.800	0.100	0.065	0.856	0.468	0.978
Right putamen-globus pallidus	576.30	0.26	0.07	535.10	0.26	0.09	74.025	0.091	0.012	0.581	0.97	0.138
Right superior colliculus	840.50	0.41	0.08	788.50	0.42	0.08	143.500	0.083	0.015	0.719	0.899	0.772
Thalamus	3474.80	0.33	0.06	3631.40	0.36	0.06	347.000	0.145	0.010	0.655	0.833	0.749

^aAR, artificially reared pigs; ROI, region of interest; SEM, standard error of the mean; SR, sow-reared pigs.

^bP-values derived from two-sample t-test comparing pigs raised in different early-life environments and group-housed in a common setting starting at postnatal week 4. Significant P-values are shown in bold text for emphasis.

^cParameter estimations for each outcome were computed for maximum absolute (i.e., plateau) value (a), onset of initial developmental increase (b), and overall rate of development (g).