Table 2.
Some of the HLA class II alleles reported to be associated with ARF/RHD in different populations, illustrating the complex landscape of the disease.
| Study | HLA allele | Role: Risk (↑) or Protective (↓) | RF or RHD | Population | No. of participants | Method | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | DQB1*0601 | ↑ | RHD | Australia Indigenous | 398 pt | GWAS | (21) |
| DQA1*0301 | ↓ | 865 Ctrl | |||||
| DRB1*0803 | ↑ | ||||||
| DQA1*0101_DQB1*0503 (Hap) | ↑ | ||||||
| DQA1*0103_DQB1*0601 (Hap) | ↑ | ||||||
| DQA1*0301-DQB1*0402 (Hap) | ↓ | ||||||
| 2 | DRB1*04-DQA1*03 (Hap) | ↓ | RF | Turkey | 55 Pt 50 Ctrl |
PCR-SSP | (22) |
| 3 | DRB1*01, DRB1*04, DRB1*07 and DQB1*02 DRB1*13 | ↑ (trend)↓ | RHD | Turkey | 100 Pt 100 Ctrl |
PCR-SSP | (23) |
| 4 | DRB1*07 DRB1*11 | ↑↓ | RF/ RHD | Turkey | 173 pt 130 Ctrl |
PCR-SSP | (24) |
| 5 | DQB1*08 DRB1*01 | ↑↓ | RHD | Turkey | 85 Pt 85 Ctrl |
PCR-SSP | (25) |
| 6 | DRB1*15, DRB5 (DRB1*05) DRB1*04 (DRB4) | ↑↓ | RHD | Turkey | 47 Pt 47 Ctrl |
PCR-SSP | (26) |
| 7 | DRB1*07-DQA1*02 (Hap) | ↑ | RHD | Egypt | 88 Pt 59 Ctrl |
PCR-SSP | (27) |
| 8 | DRB1*0402, DRB1*1001 | ↑ | RHD | Egypt | 100 Pt 71 Ctrl |
INNO-LiPA Kit | (28) |
| 9 | DRB1*07-DQB1*04 (Hap) DRB1*07-DQB1*03 (Hap) DRB1*06-DQB1*06 (Hap) | ↑↑↓ | RHD | Latvia | 70 Pt 100 Ctrl |
PCR-SSP | (29) |
| 10 | DQA1*0104 DQB1*05031 | ↑↑ | RHD | Japan | 72 pt 525 Ctrl |
PCR | (30) |
| 11 | DRB1*07 | ↑ | RHD | Pakistan | 114 Pt 109 Ctrl |
PCR-SSP | (31) |
| 12 | DR11 (DRB1*11) DR1 (DRB1*01) | ↑↓ | RHD | Uganda | 96 Pt 103 Ctrl |
PCR-SSP | (32) |
| 13 | DRB1*15 | ↑ | RHD | South Indian | 56 pt 254 Ctrl |
PCR-SSP | (33) |
| 14 | DRB1*16-DQA1*05-DQB1*03 (Hap) | ↑ | RHD | Mexico | 98 Pt 99 Ctrl |
PCR-SSP | (34) |
RF, rheumatic fever; RHD, rheumatic heart disease; Hap, haplotype association; Pt, patients; Ctrl, control; PCR-SSP, Polymerase chain reaction sequence-specific primers. For HLA class I associations, see Martin et al. (18).