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. 2021 Mar 24;12:565748. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.565748

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Copyright © 2021 Zhan, Li and Zhou.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Nrf2-mediated oxidative stress response signaling pathways in human pituitary adenomas. AKR, Palmitoyltransferase; AKT, Protein kinase B; AOX4, Aldehyde oxidase 4; ARE, Antioxidant response element; ASK1, Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1; ATF4, Activating transcription factor 4; BACH1, Transcription regulator protein BACH1; CAT, catalase; CBP, CREB-binding protein; CBR4, carbonyl reductase 4; CCT7, T-complex protein 1 subunit eta; c-FOS, Proto-oncogene protein c-FOS; CLPP, Caseinolytic protease; Cul3, Cullin 3-based ubiquitin E3 ligase complex; Cyp, cytochrome P; EPHX1, Epoxide hydrolase 1; EpRE, Electrophile responsive element; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; ERK: Extracellular signal-related kinase; ERP29: endoplasmic reticulum protein 29; FKBP5, FK506-binding protein 5; FMO, Dimethylaniline monooxygenase [N-oxide-forming]; FRA1, Fos-related antigen 1; FTH1, Ferritin heavy polypeptide 1; FTL1, ferritin light polypeptide; GCLC, glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit; GCLM, glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit; GPX's, Glutathione peroxidases; GSK3β, glycogen synthase kinase 3β; GSR, glutathione reductase; GST, glutathione S-transferase; HERPUD1, Homocysteine-responsive endoplasmic reticulum-resident ubiquitin-like domain member 1 protein; HIP2, Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 K; HO-1, heme oxygenase 1; HSP22/40/90, heat shock proteins 22, 40 and 90; JNK, Jun N-terminal kinase; Keap1, Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1; Maf, Musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma; MAPK, Mitogen-activated protein kinase; MEK, Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MAPKK); MEKK, Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK); MRP1, multidrug-resistant protein-1; NQO1, NAD(P)H:quinine oxidoreductase 1; Nrf2, Nuclear factor erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2; PERK: the double-stranded RNA (PKR)-activated protein kinase-like eukaryotic initiation factor 2 kinase; PI3K, Phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase; PKC, protein kinase C; PPIB, Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase B; PRDX1, peroxiredoxin 1; PSM: multiple subunits of the 20S proteasome; PTPLAD1, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase 3; c-Raf, RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase; Ras, GTPase Ras; ROS, reactive oxygen species; SOD, Superoxide dismutase; SQSTM1, sequestosome-1 protein; SR-B1, Scavenger receptor class B member 1; STIP1, stress induced phosphoprotein 1; TAK1, TGF beta-Activated Kinase 1; TXN1: thioredoxin; TRXR1, thioredoxin reductase 1; UBB, Polyubiquitin-B; UB2R1, Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 R1; UGT, UDP glucuronosyl transferase; USP14, ubiquitin-specific peptidase 14; and VCP, valosin-containing protein. Modified from Zhan X et al. (2010) (Zhan and Desiderio, 2010a), copyright permission from BioMed Central publisher open-access article, copyright 2010; and modified from Long Y et al. (2019) (Long et al., 2019), copyright permission from Frontiersin publisher open-access article, copyright 2019.