Optimization of TSHSP hydrogel formulation. (A) Schematic diagram of HA oxidation. (B) Actual oxidation degree and oxidation efficiency profile of AHA under different sodium periodate equivalents (n = 3, error bars, mean ± SD). (C) G'max distribution of AHA/CMC (i-iv) and GEL/PEG-SG (v) hydrogels under different formulations, macroscopic appearance of AHA/CMC hydrogels with different G'max (vi). (D)–(F) Gelation profile of AHA/CMC (D), GEL/PEG-SG (E), and TSHSP (AHA/CMC-GEL/PEG-SG, F) formulation. (G)–(I) Macroscopic appearance of AHA/CMC, GEL/PEG-SG, TSHSP formulations (G), AHA-GEL mixture (H), and CMC-PEG-SG mixture (I). *P < 0.05, over previous oxidation degree.