TABLE 1.
List of EV inhibitors.
| Targets of inhibition | Reported inhibitors | Cell line or model used | References |
| Shedding of MVs | Bisindolylmaleimide-I | Cell lines: PC3, MCF-7 | Kosgodage et al., 2017 |
| Calpeptin | Cell line: PC3 | Jorfi et al., 2015 | |
| d-pantethine | Cell line: PC3 | Kosgodage et al., 2017 | |
| Glyburide | Cell lines: PC3 and MCF-7 | Kosgodage et al., 2017 | |
| NSC23766 | Sepsis model using mice | Wang et al., 2017 | |
| U0126 | Cell lines: Suit-2, MPanc-96 | Becker et al., 2016 | |
| Y27632 | Cell lines: PC3 and MCF-7 | Kosgodage et al., 2017 | |
| Formation of exosomes | Cambinol* | Cell line: NCI-H460 | Heltweg et al., 2006 |
| Cytochalasin D | Cell lines: HeLa, Panc 1, PC3, and A293 | Khan et al., 2011 | |
| Dasatinib | Cell line: K562 | Mineo et al., 2012 | |
| Dimethyl amiloride (DMA) | Cell lines: CT26, EL4, and H23 | Chalmin et al., 2010 | |
| Model: three mouse tumor models using two mouse cancer cell lines, EL4 and TS/A, and one human cancer cell line, CT26 | |||
| GW4869 | Cell line: SW620 cancer stem cells | Hu et al., 2015 | |
| Imatinib | Cell line: K562 | Mineo et al., 2012 | |
| Indomethacin | Cell lines: SU-DHL-4, OCl-Ly1 and OCl-Ly3 | Koch et al., 2016 | |
| Ketotifen | Cell lines: HeLa, MCF-7 and BT549 | Khan et al., 2018 | |
| Manumycin A | Cell lines: C4-2B, PC3, and 22Rv1 | Datta et al., 2017 | |
| MβCD | Cell lines: PC3 and MCF-7 | Kosgodage et al., 2017 | |
| Simvastatin | Non-cancerous cell lines: Beas-2B and THP-1 | Kulshreshtha et al., 2019 | |
| Spiroepoxide* | Cell line: PC3 | Phuyal et al., 2014 | |
| Sulphisoxazole | Cell lines: MCF-7, MCF-10A, and MDA-MB-231 | Im et al., 2019 | |
| Tipifarnib | Cell line: modified C4-2B expressing exosomal marker CD63 | Datta et al., 2018 | |
| Formation of both MVs and exosomes | Cannabidiol | Cell lines: HEPG2, MDA-MB-231, and PC3 cell lines | Kosgodage et al., 2018 |
| Chloramidine (Cl-amidine) | Cell lines: PC3 and MCF-7 | Kosgodage et al., 2017 | |
| Imipramine | Cell lines: PC3 and MCF-7 | Kosgodage et al., 2017 | |
| SMR peptides | Cell lines: MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 | Huang et al., 2019 | |
| Clathrin-dependent endocytosis (CDE) | Chlorpromazine | Non-cancerous cell lines: HuH-7, Vero, COS-7, ARPE-19, and D407 | Vercauteren et al., 2010 |
| Dynasore | Non-cancerous cell lines: HuH-7, Vero, COS-7, ARPE-19, and D407 | Dutta and Donaldson, 2012 | |
| Ikarugamycin (IKA) | Cell lines: H1299, HCC366, and H1437 | Elkin et al., 2016 | |
| MβCD | Cell lines: PC3 and MCF-7 | Kosgodage et al., 2017 | |
| Clathrin-independent endocytosis (CIE) | Genistein | Cell lines: A2780, CaOV3, ES2, and SK-OV-3 | Costa Verdera et al., 2017 |
| Heparin | Cell line: U87 | Christianson et al., 2013 | |
| MβCD | Cell lines: PC3 and MCF-7 | Kosgodage et al., 2017 | |
| Simvastatin | Non-cancerous cell lines: Beas-2B and THP-1 | Kulshreshtha et al., 2019 | |
| Macropinocytosis (subset of CIE) | Cytochalasin D | Cell lines: A431 and HeLa | Costa Verdera et al., 2017 |
| Dimethyl amiloride (DMA) | Cell lines: CT26, EL4 and H23 | Chalmin et al., 2010 | |
| Model: three mouse tumor models using two mouse cancer cell lines, EL4 and TS/A, and one human cancer cell line, CT26 | |||
| EIPA | Cell line: 4T1 | Lin et al., 2018 | |
| NSC23766 | Cell lines: MDA-MB-435 and MCF-10A | Hernandez et al., 2010 | |
| Both CDE and CIE | Chloramidine (Cl-amidine) | Non-cancerous cell lines: HuH-7, Vero, COS-7, ARPE-19, and D407 | Vercauteren et al., 2010 |
*Inhibitors which have not yet been tested with cancer cells (categorization based on mechanism of inhibitor drug).