Figure 4.

Differentially phosphorylated sites of human erythrocyte proteins as a function of P. falciparum infection and/or HbAS genotype. Six HbAA (non-infected and infected HbAA₁, HbAA₂, and HbAA₃) and six HbAS (non-infected and infected HbAS₁, HbAS₂ and HbAS₃) were analyzed by hierarchical clustering based on the phosphorylation rate of a specific site of RBC proteins (ANOVA test, p-value < 0.05). Samples are displayed horizontally (columns) and proteins are shown vertically (rows). Sites are specified next to the protein name. The more the site is represented in light red, the more it is phosphorylated in the corresponding sample, and the more it is colored in light green, the less it is phosphorylated. The color bar represents log₂ Z score fold-change. On the left, threonine (T) residues are in pink, serines (S) in blue and tyrosine (Y) in yellow. Proteins are clustered according to their phosphorylation profile, represented by dendograms. Black arrows: protein profiles that cannot be associated with a cluster, orange arrows: phosphosites differentially phosphorylated according to both P. falciparum infection and abnormal heterozygous HbS carriage.