Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of the Total Study Sample and by Initial Latent Classes, Health and Retirement Study 1998.
| Total (n = 17,297) |
1998 Class 1: MINIMAL DISEASE (n =7,928) |
1998 Class 2: CV-MSK MM (n =5,986) |
1998 Class 3: CV-MSK-MENTAL MM (n =3,383) |
Deceased by 2014 (n = 8,301) |
Lost to Follow Up by 2014 (n = 2,052) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD) | 66.8 (10.1) | 64.7 (9.6) | 67.1 (9.8) | 71.0 (10.1) | 72.3 (9.9) | 63.2 (8.1) |
| Female sex, n (%) | 9800 (56.7) | 4489 (56.6) | 3396 (56.7) | 1915 (56.6) | 4383 (52.8) | 1233 (60.1) |
| Hispanic, n (%) | 1283 (7.4) | 572 (7.2) | 465 (7.8) | 246 (7.3) | 560 (6.7) | 164 (8.0) |
| Non-Hispanic White, n (%) | 13566 (78.4) | 6600 (83.2) | 4391 (73.4) | 2575 (76.1) | 6478 (78.0) | 1660 (80.9) |
| Non-Hispanic Black, n (%) | 2448 (14.2) | 756 (9.5) | 1130 (18.9) | 562 (16.6) | 1263 (15.2) | 228 (11.1) |
| Years education, median (IQR) | 12.0 (11.0, 14.0) | 12.0 (12.0,14.0) | 12.0 (10.0, 14.0) | 12.0 (9.0, 12.0) | 12.0 (9.0, 13.0) | 12.0 (12.0, 4.0) |
| Net worth (USD), median (IQR) | 1.3 (0.4, 3.3) | 1.7 (0.6, 4.0) | 1.2 (0.4, 3.1) | 0.7 (0.1, 2.0) | 1.0 (0.3, 2.5) | 1.6 (0.6, 4.1) |
| Diseases, n (%) | ||||||
| Hypertension | 8270 (47.8) | 58 (0.7) | 5592 (93.4) | 2620 (77.4) | 4676 (56.3) | 845 (41.2) |
| Diabetes | 2465 (14.3) | 197 (2.5) | 1171 (19.6) | 1097 (32.4) | 1694 (20.4) | 190 (9.3) |
| Cancer | 1897 (11.0) | 685 (8.6) | 591 (9.9) | 621 (18.4) | 1272 (15.3) | 138 (6.7) |
| Lung disease | 1481 (8.6) | 427 (5.4) | 0 (0.0) | 1054 (31.2) | 1101 (13.3) | 94 (4.6) |
| Cardiovascular disease | 3976 (23.0) | 775 (9.8) | 598 (10.0) | 2603 (76.9) | 2833 (34.1) | 274 (13.4) |
| Stroke | 1100 (6.4) | 0 (0.0) | 379 (6.3) | 721 (21.3) | 883 (10.6) | 74 (3.6) |
| Arthritis | 9175 (53.0) | 3259 (41.1) | 2939 (49.1) | 2977 (88.0) | 4910 (59.1) | 986 (48.1) |
| High depressive symptoms (CES-D8 ≥4) | 2539 (14.7) | 690 (8.7) | 622 (10.4) | 1227 (36.3) | 1487 (17.9) | 238 (11.6) |
| No. diseases, median (IQR) | 2.0 (1.0, 3.0) | 1.0 (0.0, 1.0) | 2.0 (1.0, 3.0) | 4.0 (3.0, 4.0) | 2.0 (1.0, 3.0) | 1.0 (0.0, 2.0) |
Abbreviations: CV-MSK MM = Cardiovascular-Musculoskeletal Multimorbidity, CV-MSK-MENTAL MM = Cardiovascular-Musculoskeletal-Mental Multimorbidity, SD = standard deviation; IQR = interquartile range; USD = United States dollars, in hundreds of thousands of dollars; CES-D8 = Eight item version of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. Notes: Sample weights, strata, and probability sampling unit not applied.