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. 2021 Mar 24;11:594693. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2021.594693

Table 2.

Crude association between nodular features and malignant risk of GGN.

Characteristics Statistics OR (95%CI) P-value
Age (years) 60.2 ± 8.9 1.055 (1.004–1.109) 0.034
Age group (years) 0.035
 <60 81 (42.2%) 1.0
 ≥60 111 (57.8%) 2.690 (1.070–6.761)
Gender 0.005
 Female 131 (68.2%) 1.0
 Male 61 (31.8%) 0.272 (0.109–0.679)
Smoking history 36 (18.8%) 0.345 (0.132–0.900) 0.030
GGN number 0.524
 Single 110 (57.3%) 1.0
 Multiple 82 (42.7%) 1.349 (0.538–3.385)
Nodule type 0.789
 pGGN 66 (34.4%) 1.0
 mGGN 126 (65.6%) 0.878 (0.339–2.273)
Location 0.988
 Periphery 186 (96.9%) 1.0
 Center 6 (3.1%) 2099572.789 (0.000-Inf)
Shape 0.402
 Round/quasi-round 115 (59.9%) 1.0
 Irregular 77 (40.1%) 1.500 (0.581–3.870)
Margin 0.199
 Smooth 106 (55.2%) 1.0
 Lobulated 86 (44.8%) 1.860 (0.722–4.793)
Abnormal air bronchogram 139 (72.4%) 1.983 (0.793–4.958) 0.143
Vacuolar sign 29 (15.1%) 0.776 (0.242–2.484) 0.669
Pleura indentation 111 (57.8%) 11.032 (3.139–38.780) <0.001
Vascular convergence 179 (93.2%) 1.445 (0.299–6.995) 0.647
DGGN 18.9 ± 6.7 1.068 (0.997–1.144) 0.063
Dsolid 7.0 ± 6.5 1.028 (0.958–1.104) 0.437
CTR 0.3 ± 0.3 0.592 (0.134–2.619) 0.490
CTR (0.5) 0.606
 CTR ≤0.5 123 (64.1%) 1.0
 CTR >0.5 69 (35.9%) 0.788 (0.318–1.950)
CTR (0.25) 0.402
 CTR ≤0.25 77 (40.1%) 1.0
 CTR >0.25 115 (59.9%) 0.667 (0.258–1.720)
CTGGO −462.8 ± 132.3 1.001 (0.997–1.004) 0.733
ΔCTGGO-LP 398.1 ± 122.6 1.000 (0.997–1.004) 0.888
SUV index 1.1 ± 1.0 0.547 (0.377–0.795) 0.002

The results are expressed as mean ± (SD)/N (%).

Inf: the model failed because of the small sample size.

pGGN, pure ground-glass nodule; mGGN, mixed ground-glass nodule; DGGN, diameter of the GGN; Dsolid, diameter of the solid component; CTR, Dsolid/DGGN; CTGGO, attenuation value of the GGO component on CT; ΔCTGGO-LP, CTGGO - CTLP; SUV index, GGN SUVmax/liver SUVmean.