Table 2.
Characteristicsa | Early pregnancy loss*(n = 20) | No pregnancy(n = 33) | Failure***(n = 53) | Live Birth**(n = 51) | p-valueb | p-valuec | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 39 ± 3 | 37 ± 5 | 38 ± 4 | 38 ± 4 | 0.007 | 0.03 | |
< 35 | 3 (9%) | 8 (24%) | 11 (32%) | 23 (68%) | 0.007 | 0.03 | |
36-40 | 10 (23%) | 13 (30%) | 23 (52%) | 21 (48%) | |||
41 and more | 7 (27%) | 12 (46%) | 19 (73%) | 7 (17%) | |||
Smoking habits Current smoker |
3 (35%) | 3 (25%) | 6 (50%) | 6 (50%) | 0.94 | 0.85 | |
Ethnic group | 0.93 | 0.95 | |||||
Europe | 10 (22%) | 17 (37%) | 27 (59%) | 19 (41%) | |||
Others | 2 (13%) | 7 (47%) | 9 (60%) | 6 (40%) | |||
BMI (kg/m2) | 23 ± 4 | 25 ± 4 | 25 ± 4 | 24 ± 3.5 | 0.93 | 0.98 | |
BMI > 30 Kg/m2 | 2 (20%) | 3 (30%) | 5 (50%) | 5 (50%) | 0.92 | 1 | |
Gravidity | 5 ± 3 | 5 ± 2 | 5 ± 2 | 4 ± 1 | 0.06 | 0.12 | |
G3 | 4 (15%) | 5 (19%) | 9 (34%) | 17 (66%) | 0.09 | 0.27 | |
G4-G5 | 12 (19%) | 21 (34%) | 33 (53%) | 29 (47%) | |||
>/= G6 | 4 (25%) | 7 (44%) | 11 (69%) | 5 (31%) | |||
Parity | 0.4 ± 0.6 | 0.6 ± 0.7 | 0.5 ± 0.5 | 0.4 ± 0.7 | 0.56 | 0.56 | |
P0 | 13 (20%) | 18 (28%) | 31 (48%) | 33 (52%) | 0.77 | 0.90 | |
P1 | 6 (18%) | 12 (36%) | 18 (54%) | 15 (46%) | |||
>P2 | 1 (14%) | 3 (43%) | 4 (57%) | 3 (43%) | |||
Duration of infertility (years) | 3.5 ± 4.2 | 4 ± 3 | 4 ± 3.6 | 4 ± 5.2 | 0.57 | 0.58 | |
Number of previous pregnancy losses | 5 ± 3.5 | 4 ± 1.5 | 4 ± 2.4 | 3.6 ± 1 | 0.11 | 0.008 | |
=3 | 6 (12%) | 17 (33%) | 23 (45%) | 29 (55%) | 0.30 | 0.25 | |
4-6 | 12 (27%) | 13 (29%) | 25 (55%) | 20 (44%) | |||
>6 | 2 (28%) | 3 (43%) | 5 (71%) | 2 (29%) | |||
Menstrual cycle length (days) | 0.51 | 0.71 | |||||
< 27 | 2 (28%) | 1 (14%) | 3 (42%) | 4 (58%) | |||
27-35 | 17 (20%) | 29 (34%) | 46 (54%) | 40 (46%) | |||
35-50 | 1 (9%) | 3 (27%) | 4 (36%) | 7 (64%) | |||
OVARIAN RESERVE PARAMETERS | |||||||
Day 3 FSH (IU/L) | 7 ± 3 | 7 ± 3 | 7 ± 3 | 7 ± 2 | 0.97 | 0.74 | |
<7 | 14 (27%) | 16 (31%) | 30 (58%) | 22 (42%) | 0.27 | 0.03 | |
7-12 | 3 (7%) | 16 (36%) | 19 (43%) | 25 (57%) | |||
>12 | 2 (50%) | 1 (25%) | 3 (75%) | 1 (25%) | |||
Day 3 LH (IU/L) | 4.5 ± 2 | 10 ± 14 | 8 ± 11 | 11 ± 29 | 0.48 | 0.45 | |
Day 3 Estradiol (pg/ml) | 34 ± 17 | 39 ± 29 | 38 ± 25 | 46 ± 58 | 0.45 | 0.53 | |
AFC | 15 ± 8 | 11± 6 | 13 ± 7 | 13 ± 6 | 0.89 | 0.36 | |
AMH (ng/ml) | |||||||
>1 | 16 (20%) | 22 (27%) | 38 (47%) | 44 (53%) | 0.18 | 0.22 | |
0,5-1 | 2 (14%) | 8 (57%) | 10 (71%) | 4 (29%) | |||
< 0,5 | 2 (25%) | 3 (38%) | 5 (63%) | 3 (37%) | |||
SUBFERTILITY | |||||||
Presence of Tubal obstruction | 2 (16%) | 5 (38%) | 7 (54%) | 6 (46%) | 0.82 | 0.86 | |
Associated endometriosis | 1 (14%) | 2 (29%) | 3 (43%) | 4 (57%) | 0.71 | 1 | |
Associated adenomyosis | 2 (25%) | 3 (37%) | 5 (62%) | 3 (38%) | 0.72 | 0.70 | |
Premature ovarian failure | 10 (29%) | 14 (41%) | 24 (70%) | 10 (30%) | 0.01 | 0.01 | |
Sperm abnormality | 1 (14%) | 1 (14%) | 2 (28%) | 5 (72%) | 0.46 | 0.81 | |
History of prior uterine surgery | 1 (8%) | 6 (46%) | 7 (54%) | 6 (46%) | 0.82 | 0.42 |
BMI, Body Mass Index; FSH, follicle stimulating hormone; LH, luteinizing hormone; AFC, antral follicle count; AMH, antimüllerian hormone.
Continuous data are presented as mean ± standard deviation; categorical data are presented as number (percentage).
p value between the 2 groups (Failure/Live Birth).
p value between the 3 groups (early pregnancy loss/no pregnancy/Live birth).
*Early pregnancy loss was defined as a spontaneous fetal demise at less than 12 weeks of gestational age.
**The live birth was defined as delivery of a viable infant at 22 weeks or more of gestation.
***The failure Group included early pregnancy loss and patients who have not had a pregnancy.