Skip to main content
. 2021 Mar 24;12:656701. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.656701

Table 2.

Patients’ characteristics according to the outcome of pregnancy.

Characteristicsa Early pregnancy loss*(n = 20) No pregnancy(n = 33) Failure***(n = 53) Live Birth**(n = 51) p-valueb p-valuec
Age (years) 39 ± 3 37 ± 5 38 ± 4 38 ± 4 0.007 0.03
     < 35 3 (9%) 8 (24%) 11 (32%) 23 (68%) 0.007 0.03
36-40 10 (23%) 13 (30%) 23 (52%) 21 (48%)
41 and more 7 (27%) 12 (46%) 19 (73%) 7 (17%)
Smoking habits
Current smoker
3 (35%) 3 (25%) 6 (50%) 6 (50%) 0.94 0.85
Ethnic group 0.93 0.95
Europe 10 (22%) 17 (37%) 27 (59%) 19 (41%)
Others 2 (13%) 7 (47%) 9 (60%) 6 (40%)
BMI (kg/m2) 23 ± 4 25 ± 4 25 ± 4 24 ± 3.5 0.93 0.98
BMI > 30 Kg/m2 2 (20%) 3 (30%) 5 (50%) 5 (50%) 0.92 1
Gravidity 5 ± 3 5 ± 2 5 ± 2 4 ± 1 0.06 0.12
G3 4 (15%) 5 (19%) 9 (34%) 17 (66%) 0.09 0.27
G4-G5 12 (19%) 21 (34%) 33 (53%) 29 (47%)
>/= G6 4 (25%) 7 (44%) 11 (69%) 5 (31%)
Parity 0.4 ± 0.6 0.6 ± 0.7 0.5 ± 0.5 0.4 ± 0.7 0.56 0.56
P0 13 (20%) 18 (28%) 31 (48%) 33 (52%) 0.77 0.90
P1 6 (18%) 12 (36%) 18 (54%) 15 (46%)
>P2 1 (14%) 3 (43%) 4 (57%) 3 (43%)
Duration of infertility (years) 3.5 ± 4.2 4 ± 3 4 ± 3.6 4 ± 5.2 0.57 0.58
Number of previous pregnancy losses 5 ± 3.5 4 ± 1.5 4 ± 2.4 3.6 ± 1 0.11 0.008
=3 6 (12%) 17 (33%) 23 (45%) 29 (55%) 0.30 0.25
4-6 12 (27%) 13 (29%) 25 (55%) 20 (44%)
>6 2 (28%) 3 (43%) 5 (71%) 2 (29%)
Menstrual cycle length (days) 0.51 0.71
< 27 2 (28%) 1 (14%) 3 (42%) 4 (58%)
27-35 17 (20%) 29 (34%) 46 (54%) 40 (46%)
35-50 1 (9%) 3 (27%) 4 (36%) 7 (64%)
OVARIAN RESERVE PARAMETERS
Day 3 FSH (IU/L) 7 ± 3 7 ± 3 7 ± 3 7 ± 2 0.97 0.74
<7 14 (27%) 16 (31%) 30 (58%) 22 (42%) 0.27 0.03
7-12 3 (7%) 16 (36%) 19 (43%) 25 (57%)
>12 2 (50%) 1 (25%) 3 (75%) 1 (25%)
Day 3 LH (IU/L) 4.5 ± 2 10 ± 14 8 ± 11 11 ± 29 0.48 0.45
Day 3 Estradiol (pg/ml) 34 ± 17 39 ± 29 38 ± 25 46 ± 58 0.45 0.53
AFC 15 ± 8 11± 6 13 ± 7 13 ± 6 0.89 0.36
AMH (ng/ml)
>1 16 (20%) 22 (27%) 38 (47%) 44 (53%) 0.18 0.22
0,5-1 2 (14%) 8 (57%) 10 (71%) 4 (29%)
< 0,5 2 (25%) 3 (38%) 5 (63%) 3 (37%)
SUBFERTILITY
Presence of Tubal obstruction 2 (16%) 5 (38%) 7 (54%) 6 (46%) 0.82 0.86
Associated endometriosis 1 (14%) 2 (29%) 3 (43%) 4 (57%) 0.71 1
Associated adenomyosis 2 (25%) 3 (37%) 5 (62%) 3 (38%) 0.72 0.70
Premature ovarian failure 10 (29%) 14 (41%) 24 (70%) 10 (30%) 0.01 0.01
Sperm abnormality 1 (14%) 1 (14%) 2 (28%) 5 (72%) 0.46 0.81
History of prior uterine surgery 1 (8%) 6 (46%) 7 (54%) 6 (46%) 0.82 0.42

BMI, Body Mass Index; FSH, follicle stimulating hormone; LH, luteinizing hormone; AFC, antral follicle count; AMH, antimüllerian hormone.

a

Continuous data are presented as mean ± standard deviation; categorical data are presented as number (percentage).

b

p value between the 2 groups (Failure/Live Birth).

c

p value between the 3 groups (early pregnancy loss/no pregnancy/Live birth).

*Early pregnancy loss was defined as a spontaneous fetal demise at less than 12 weeks of gestational age.

**The live birth was defined as delivery of a viable infant at 22 weeks or more of gestation.

***The failure Group included early pregnancy loss and patients who have not had a pregnancy.