Table 3.
Animal health constraints: Consensus from East Africa, West Africa, and South Asia expert workshops.
| Smallholders | Region | 1. | 2. | 3. | 4. | 5. | 6. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Poultry | East Africa | ND | Nutrition | Diarrhea | Gumboro | Fowl typhoid | Fowl pox |
| West Africa | ND | Gumboro | Diarrhea | Avian influenza | Fowl pox | ||
| South Asia | Avian Influenza | ND | Fowl pox | Coccidiosis | Ecto/Endoparasites | Gumboro | |
| Small ruminants | East Africa | CCPP | PPR | SGP | Helminths | Abortion | Foot rot |
| West Africa | PPR | Helminths | Mange | Abortion | Heartwater | Lameness | |
| South Asia | PPR | Endoparasites/ diarrhea | Respiratory problems | Vesicular disease | Zoonoses | Abortion | |
| Cattle | East Africa | FMD | TBDs | LSD | Helminths | AAT | |
| West Africa | CBPP | Dermatophilosis | Abortion | Ecto/Endo parasites | Lameness | ||
| Dairy | East Africa | Mastitis | Abortion | Brucellosis | FMD | LSD | TBDs |
| West Africa | Masititis | Abortion | FMD | Helminths | Dermatophilosis | ||
| (w/ buffalo) | South Asia | Reproductive disorders | FMD | Mastitis | Ecto/Endo/ Haemo parasites | Metabolic diseases | Zoonoses |
| Pastoralists | |||||||
| Small ruminants | East Africa | CCPP | Helminths | PPR | SGP | Orf | Abortion |
| West Africa | PPR | Helminths | Abortion | Mange | Heartwater | ||
| Cattle | East Africa | FMD | TBDs | AAT | LSD | Helminths | Anthrax |
| West Africa | CBPP | Dermatophilosis | FMD | Bovine TB | Abortion | Ecto/ Endoparasites |
Abbreviations: Newcastle disease (ND), contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP), peste des petits ruminants (PPR), sheep and goat pox (SGP), foot and mouth disease (FMD), tick-borne diseases (TBDs), lumpy skin disease (LSD), animal African trypanosomiasis (AAT), contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP), bovine tuberculosis (bovine TB). Note:Haemo parasites include theileria, trypanosomes, and babesia; metabolic diseases include milk fever and ketosis; vesicular diseases include Orf, contagious ecthyma, FMD, SGP; zoonoses include Johne’s disease and brucellosis; reproductive disorders include symptoms resulting from brucellosis, Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), bovine viral diarrhea (BVD), poor diet and infertility from unknown causes.