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. 2021 Mar;13(3):2068–2074. doi: 10.21037/jtd.2019.06.49

Table 2. Characteristics of different research types. The listed arguments state the authors’ perception based on personal experience.

Characteristics Basic research Translational research Clinical research
Retrospective Prospective
Institutional factors
   Laboratory needed Yes Yes No No
   Laboratory staff needed Yes Yes No No
   Clinical study personal needed No Yes No Yes
Project factors
   Project duration (months) 6–36 6–36 6–12 12–60
   Funding required (T €) 50–300 50–300 <50 > 600
   Plannability Good Fair Good Poor
   Work independently ++ +/− +++
   Follow-up projects Common Common Depends Rare
   Publication in basic science journals possible? Yes Yes No No
   Scientific impact Moderate/high Moderate Low Very high
Personal skills needed
   Cell culture + +/−
   Biochemistry + +/−
   Microscopy/imaging + +
   Animal experiments +/− +/−
   Biostatistics + + +++ +++
   Clinical research ethics + + + +
   Clinical trial management +
   Regulatory expertise +/− +/−

−, not relevant; +/−, sometimes relevant; +, relevant; ++, more relevant; +++, very relevant.