Table 1. General characteristics of included studies.
| Author (year) | Country | Sample | Enrolling period | Exposure detection | Outcome measure | Asthma/wheeze assessment | Pregnancy trimester | Effect size | NOS score | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Source | Period | |||||||||
| Berger K (2019) (17) | California, USA | 329 | 1999–2000 | Urine | Prenatal | Asthma | Questionnaires | NA | aOR | 8 |
| Buckley JP (2018) (18) | New York, USA | 404 | 1998–2002 | Urine | Prenatal | Asthma | Questionnaires | NA | aOR | 8 |
| Vernet C (2017) (19) | Nancy/Poitiers, France | 587 | NA | Urine | Prenatal | Asthma wheeze | Questionnaires | NA | aHR | 8 |
| Wang IJ (2016) (22) | Taiwan, China | 453 | NA | Urine | Postnatal | Asthma | Questionnaires | NA | aOR | 8 |
| Gascon M (2015) (20) | Catalonia, Spain | 654 | 2004–2008 | Urine | Prenatal | Asthma wheeze | Questionnaires | NA | aRR | 8 |
| Spanier AJ (2014) (25) | Ohio, USA | 398 | 2003–2006 | Urine | Prenatal postnatal |
Wheeze | Questionnaires | 16 weeks 26 weeks |
aOR | 8 |
| Kim KN (2014) (23) | Seoul, Korea | 127 | 2005–2009 | Urine | Postnatal | Asthma wheeze | Questionnaires | NA | aOR | 8 |
| Donohue KM (2013) (24) | New York,USA | 568 | 1998–2006 | Urine | Prenatal postnatal | Asthma wheeze | Wheeze by questionnaires at 5,6,7y and asthma by physicians once between 5y and 12y. | NA | aOR | 9 |
| Spanier AJ (2012) (21) | Ohio, USA | 365 | 2003–2006 | Urine serum | Prenatal | Asthma wheeze | Questionnaires and ige levels | 16 weeks; 26 weeks |
aOR | 8 |
All studies were designed as cohort studies. BPA, Bisphenol A; NA, not available; aOR, adjusted odds ratio; aRR, adjusted rate ratio; aHR, adjusted hazard ratio; NOS, the New Castle-Ottawa Scale for cohort studies.