Table 3. The association between sarcopenia and smoking history.

Author, publication year	Sarcopenia, ever/never smoker	Non-sarcopenia, ever/never smoker	P value
Suzuki et al., 2016	22 (57.9%)/16 (39.5%)	16 (30.8%)/36 (69.2%)	0.78
Kim et al., 2018	46 (75.4%)/15 (24.6%)	113 (53.6%)/98 (46.4%)	0.003
Nakamura et al., 2018	127 (69.4%)/56 (30.6%)	72 (50.1)/73 (49.9)	<0.001
Shinohara et al., 2020	172 (89.9%)/26 (10.1%)	134 (69.4%)/59 (30.6%)	<0.001
Philippe et al., 2020	285 (93.6%)/19 (6.4%)	16 (5.3%)/288 (94.7%)	0.91