Table 1. Clinical characteristics and quantitative airway dimension of COVID-19 patient subgroups at the convalescent stage.
| Characteristics | All (n=69) | Non-smokers* (n=61) | Without baseline pulmonary abnormalities* (n=65) | Mild + moderate (n=45) | Severe (n=24) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical characteristics | |||||
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 49.6 (13.8) | 48.7 (13.8) | 49.3 (14.1) | 45.9 (14.0)** | 56.6 (10.7) |
| Male, n (%) | 36 (52.2) | 29 (47.5) | 33 (50.8) | 20 (44.4) | 16 (66.7) |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 23.7 (3.5) | 23.6 (3.6) | 23.7 (3.5) | 23.3 (3.2) | 24.5 (3.8) |
| Smoker, n (%) | 8 (11.6) | NA | 6 (9.2) | 5 (11.1%) | 3 (12.5) |
| Baseline pulmonary abnormalities, n (%) | 4 (5.8) | 2 (3.3) | NA | 4 (8.9) | 0 (0.0) |
| Severity | |||||
| Mild, n (%) | 2 (2.9) | 2 (3.3) | 2 (3.1) | NA | NA |
| Moderate, n (%) | 43 (62.3) | 38 (62.3) | 39 (60.0) | NA | NA |
| Severe, n (%) | 24 (34.8) | 21 (34.4) | 24 (36.9) | NA | NA |
| Duration of hospitalization (day), mean (SD) | 23.5 (8.4) | 23.2 (8.6) | 23.8 (8.2) | 21.3 (8.4)** | 27.5 (7.0) |
| Quantitative airway dimension, mean (SD) | |||||
| 1st gen. WA (%) | 45.43 (2.43) | 45.49 (2.50) | 45.43 (2.45) | 45.85 (2.49)** | 44.65 (2.16) |
| 2nd gen. WA (%) | 49.94 (2.69) | 50.12 (2.73) | 50.06 (2.69) | 50.31 (2.74) | 49.24 (2.50) |
| 3rd gen. WA (%) | 58.09 (3.44) | 58.42 (3.49) | 58.09 (3.50) | 58.70 (3.25)** | 56.95 (3.56) |
| 4th gen. WA (%) | 64.02 (2.49) | 64.30 (2.46) | 64.03 (2.49) | 64.55 (2.49)** | 63.04 (2.23) |
| 5th gen. WA (%) | 66.43 (1.92) | 66.66 (1.86) | 66.43 (1.92) | 66.70 (1.94) | 65.94 (1.81) |
| 6th gen. WA (%) | 67.60 (1.70) | 67.78 (1.59) | 67.59 (1.70) | 67.82 (1.75) | 67.18 (1.54) |
| 7th gen. WA (%) | 68.45 (2.36) | 68.57 (2.44) | 68.43 (2.43) | 68.40 (2.79) | 68.55 (1.27) |
| 8th gen. WA (%) | 69.14 (1.92) | 69.24 (1.77) | 69.18 (1.94) | 69.01 (2.04) | 69.37 (1.69) |
| Pi 10 (mm) | 3.90 (0.12) | 3.89 (0.12) | 3.90 (0.12) | 3.89 (0.13) | 3.93 (0.11) |
NA, not applicable; WA%, wall area fraction; gen., generation; Pi10, internal airway perimeter of 10 mm. *, denotes no statistically significant difference (P>0.05) exists compared to all 69 subjects for all parameters; **, denotes P<0.05 compared to severe subgroup.