Table 1. Demographic and clinical characteristics.
| Characteristics | Total (n=186) | Non-survivors (n=93) | Survivors (n=93) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 68.0 (62.0, 74.0) | 68.0 (62.0, 75.0) | 67.0 (62.0, 73.0) | 0.7737 |
| Gender | 0.0037* | |||
| Female | 67 (36.0) | 24 (25.8) | 43 (46.2) | |
| Male | 119 (64.0) | 69 (74.2) | 50 (53.8) | |
| Smoking | 18 (9.7) | 12 (12.9) | 6 (6.5) | 0.1367 |
| Comorbidities | 118 (63.4) | 62 (66.7) | 56 (60.2) | 0.3610 |
| Hypertension | 85 (45.7) | 50 (53.8) | 35 (37.6) | 0.0273* |
| Diabetes | 41 (22.0) | 22 (23.7) | 19 (20.4) | 0.5957 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 7 (3.8) | 4 (4.3) | 3 (3.2) | 1.0000 |
| Coronary heart disease | 32 (17.2) | 20 (21.5) | 12 (12.9) | 0.1201 |
| Chronic renal disease | 5 (2.7) | 2 (2.2) | 3 (3.2) | 1.0000 |
| Chronic liver disease | 1 (0.5) | 1 (1.1) | 0 (0.0) | 1.0000 |
| Malignancy | 11 (5.9) | 5 (5.4) | 6 (6.5) | 0.7559 |
| Symptoms | ||||
| Fever | 159 (85.5) | 80 (86.0) | 79 (85.0) | 0.8351 |
| Cough | 137 (73.7) | 70 (75.3) | 67 (72.0) | 0.6175 |
| Expectoration | 70 (37.6) | 44 (47.3) | 26 (28.0) | 0.0064* |
| Hemoptysis | 11 (5.9) | 9 (9.7) | 2 (2.2) | 0.0577 |
| Myalgia or fatigue | 87 (46.8) | 51 (54.8) | 36 (38.7) | 0.0275* |
| Headache | 29 (15.6) | 18 (19.4) | 11 (11.8) | 0.1571 |
| Diarrhea | 25 (13.4) | 15 (16.1) | 10 (10.8) | 0.2824 |
| Nausea | 12 (6.5) | 8 (8.6) | 4 (4.3) | 0.3715 |
| Vomiting | 11 (5.9) | 7 (7.5) | 4 (4.3) | 0.5362 |
| Dyspnea | 117 (62.9) | 73 (78.5) | 44 (47.3) | <0.0001* |
| Bilateral involvement on chest computed tomography scan | 182 (97.8) | 91 (97.8) | 91 (97.8) | 1.0000 |
| GCS score | 15.0 (15.0, 15.0) | 15.0 (14.2, 15.0) | 15.0 (15.0, 15.0) | <0.0001* |
| SOFA score | 3.0 (2.0, 4.0) | 4.0 (3.0, 7.5) | 2.0 (1.0, 3.0) | <0.0001* |
Values are numbers (percentages) or medians (interquartile ranges). P values were calculated by Mann-Whitney U test, χ2 test, or Fisher’s exact test, as appropriate. *, P values indicates statistical significance (P<0.05). GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; SOFA, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment.