Table 5. Laboratory findings on admissions.
| Variable | Total (n=186) | Non-survivors (n=93) | Survivors (n=93) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inflammatory | ||||
| White blood cell count, 109/L | 7.3 (4.6, 10.6) | 9.6 (6.5, 13.4) | 5.9 (4.1, 7.9) | <0.0001* |
| ≤10 | 134 (72.0) | 51 (54.8) | 83 (89.2) | <0.0001* |
| >10 | 52 (28.0) | 42 (45.2) | 10 (10.8) | |
| Lymphocyte count, 109/L | 0.6 (0.4, 0.9) | 0.5 (0.4, 0.7, 1 missing) | 0.8 (0.6, 1.3) | <0.0001* |
| <0.6 | 82 (44.3) | 60 (65.2) | 22 (23.7) | <0.0001* |
| [0.6, 0.8] | 40 (21.6) | 18 (19.6) | 22 (23.7) | |
| >0.8 | 63 (34.1) | 14 (15.2) | 49 (52.7) | |
| C-reactive protein, mg/L | 65.8 (31.0, 122.2) | 118.0 (73.9, 160.0, 7 missing) | 35.3 (14.7, 61.8, 6 missing) | <0.0001* |
| ≤100 | 115 (66.5) | 35 (40.7) | 80 (92.0) | <0.0001* |
| >100 | 58 (33.5) | 51 (59.3) | 7 (8.0) | |
| Procalcitonin, ng/mL | 0.1 (0.0, 0.5) | 0.2 (0.1, 1.1) | 0.0 (0.0, 0.0) | <0.0001* |
| ≤0.5 | 106 (76.3) | 50 (61.7) | 56 (96.6) | <0.0001* |
| >0.5 | 33 (23.7) | 31 (38.3) | 2 (3.4) | |
| Electrolyte | ||||
| Sodium, mmol/L | 138.0 (136.4, 141.9) | 140.0 (137.0, 143.7) | 137.2 (136.1, 138.5) | <0.0001* |
| Potassium, mmol/L | 4.0 (3.6, 4.4) | 4.2 (3.9, 4.6) | 3.8 (3.5, 4.1) | <0.0001* |
| Coagulation function | ||||
| Hemoglobin concentration, g/L | 125.0 (115.0, 136.2) | 128.0 (117.0, 138.5) | 123.0 (115.0, 135.0) | 0.2041 |
| Platelet count, 109/L | 165.5 (126.8, 221.5) | 149.0 (111.0, 194.0) | 194.0 (147.0, 264.0) | <0.0001* |
| ≤100 | 24 (12.9) | 18 (19.4) | 6 (6.5) | 0.0161* |
| >100 | 162 (87.1) | 75 (80.6) | 87 (93.5) | |
| Prothrombin time, s | 13.5 (12.4, 15.3) | 14.8 (13.0, 16.7, 5 missing) | 13.0 (12.4, 13.8, 2 missing) | <0.0001* |
| ≤16 | 145 (81.0) | 62 (70.5) | 83 (91.2) | 0.0008* |
| >16 | 34 (19.0) | 26 (29.5) | 8 (8.8) | |
| Activated partial thromboplastin time, s | 35.2 (31.0, 40.5) | 35.6 (28.3, 41.5, 5 missing) | 35.2 (32.1, 39.1, 2 missing) | 0.7591 |
| ≤42 | 145 (81.9) | 65 (75.6) | 80 (87.9) | 0.0530 |
| >42 | 32 (18.1) | 21 (24.4) | 11 (12.1) | |
| D-dimer, mg/L | 1.0 (0.4, 6.4) | 3.3 (1.0, 21.0, 11 missing) | 0.4 (0.3, 1.0, 6 missing) | <0.0001* |
| ≤0.5 | 58 (34.3) | 8 (9.8) | 50 (57.5) | <0.0001* |
| [0.5, 1] | 28 (16.6) | 13 (15.9) | 15 (17.2) | |
| [1, 10] | 47 (27.8) | 29 (35.4) | 18 (20.7) | |
| >10 | 36 (21.3) | 32 (39.0) | 4 (4.6) | |
| Fibrinogen, g/L | 4.2 (3.5, 5.3) | 4.5 (3.1, 5.7, 9 missing) | 4.2 (3.6, 4.8) | 0.1485 |
| <4 | 69 (40.8) | 33 (39.3) | 36 (42.4) | 0.0028* |
| [4, 6] | 80 (47.3) | 34 (40.5) | 46 (54.1) | |
| >6 | 20 (11.8) | 17 (20.2) | 3 (3.5) | |
| Red blood cell volume, % | 37.1 (34.9, 40.2) | 36.8 (34.8, 40.0) | 37.2 (34.9, 40.2) | 0.4732 |
| Liver function | ||||
| Alanine aminotransferase, U/L | 29.0 (19.0, 48.8) | 33.0 (21.0, 55.0) | 27.0 (17.0, 43.5, 2 missing) | 0.0180* |
| ≤33 | 105 (57.7) | 48 (52.7) | 57 (62.6) | 0.2300 |
| >33 | 77 (42.3) | 43 (47.3) | 34 (37.4) | |
| Aspartate aminotransferase, U/L | 38.0 (21.8, 54.2) | 45.0 (34.0, 66.0) | 26.0 (18.5, 43.0, 2 missing) | <0.0001* |
| ≤32 | 81 (44.0) | 22 (23.7) | 59 (64.8) | <0.0001* |
| >32 | 103 (56.0) | 71 (76.3) | 32 (35.2) | |
| Total bilirubin concentration, μmol/L | 11.3 (8.5, 16.4) | 13.3 (9.9, 19.2) | 9.5 (7.0, 13.7, 2 missing) | <0.0001* |
| ≤21 | 160 (87.0) | 74 (79.6) | 86 (94.5) | 0.0053* |
| >21 | 24 (13.0) | 19 (20.4) | 5 (5.5) | |
| Albumin, g/L | 32.9 (29.2, 36.2) | 30.0 (26.9, 33.1) | 35.9 (32.9, 38.8, 2 missing) | <0.0001* |
| <32 | 84 (45.7) | 65 (69.9) | 19 (20.9) | <0.0001* |
| ≥32 | 100 (54.3) | 28 (30.1) | 72 (79.1) | |
| Lactate dehydrogenase, U/L | 376.0 (271.0, 525.0) | 514.0 (397.8, 676.0) | 278.0 (225.0, 356.0, 4 missing) | <0.0001* |
| ≤245 | 32 (18.5) | 3 (3.6) | 29 (32.6) | <0.0001* |
| >245 | 141 (81.5) | 81 (96.4) | 60 (67.4) | |
| Renal function | ||||
| Blood urea nitrogen, mmol/L | 6.8 (5.0, 9.5) | 8.1 (6.2, 11.3) | 5.7 (4.2, 7.1) | <0.0001* |
| ≤9 | 131 (72.4) | 48 (53.3) | 83 (91.2) | <0.0001* |
| >9 | 50 (27.6) | 42 (46.7) | 8 (8.8) | |
| Serum creatinine concentration, μmol/L | 76.0 (60.0, 97.5) | 86.0 (68.7, 105.5, 4 missing) | 68.0 (57.5, 81.0, 2 missing) | <0.0001* |
| ≤133 | 165 (91.7) | 78 (87.6) | 87 (95.6) | 0.0963 |
| >133 | 15 (8.3) | 11 (12.4) | 4 (4.4) | |
| Cardiac function | ||||
| Creatine kinase, U/L | 87.8 (52.7, 175.6) | 142.4 (71.0, 289.5) | 86.2 (51.6, 142.9, 21) | 0.0264* |
| Cardiac troponin I, pg/mL | 30.0 (12.2, 136.9) | 57.6 (15.7, 212.3) | 30.0 (10.0, 30.0) | 0.0008* |
| ≤50 | 67 (60.9) | 35 (47.3) | 32 (88.9) | 0.0001* |
| >50 | 43 (39.1) | 39 (52.7) | 4 (11.1) | |
| Brain natriuretic peptide, pg/mL | 233.5 (74.5, 670.8) | 276.5 (94.2, 1084.8) | 224.0 (55.8, 480.5) | 0.0432* |
| Vital signs | ||||
| Temperature, °C | 36.6 (36.3, 37.0) | 36.6 (36.3, 37.0) | 36.6 (36.3, 37.0) | 0.6476 |
| Heart rate, times per min | 88.5 (80.0, 102.0) | 88.0 (78.0, 105.0) | 89.0 (80.0, 99.0) | 0.6963 |
| Respiratory, beats per min | 22.0 (20.0, 28.0) | 22.0 (20.0, 30.0) | 21.0 (20.0, 25.0) | 0.0585 |
| Mean arterial pressure | 95.0 (87.8, 103.2) | 96.7 (86.7, 103.3) | 95.0 (88.0, 102.0) | 0.8658 |
| Oxygenation | ||||
| Oxygen saturation | 95.0 (89.0, 97.0) | 90.0 (83.8, 95.0, 9 missing) | 97.0 (94.0, 98.0) | <0.0001* |
| ≤93 | 72 (40.7) | 54 (64.3) | 18 (19.4) | <0.0001* |
| >93 | 105 (59.3) | 30 (35.7) | 75 (80.6) | |
| Partial pressure of oxygen, mm Hg | 79.5 (63.0, 90.2) | 58.0 (46.5, 78.5) | 84.0 (72.0, 94.0) | <0.0001* |
| Oxygenation index | 234.5 (159.2, 319.0) | 150.0 (87.8, 229.5, 9 missing) | 303.4 (233.3, 360.6) | <0.0001* |
| ≤200 | 58 (35.4) | 48 (67.6) | 10 (10.8) | <0.0001* |
| >200 | 106 (64.6) | 23 (32.4) | 83 (89.2) |
Values are numbers (percentages) or medians (interquartile ranges). P values were calculated by Mann-Whitney U test, χ2 test, or Fisher’s exact test, as appropriate. *, P values indicates statistical significance (P<0.05).