Table 4. Risk factors for complications and whether the TBCB contributed to the final diagnosis (univariate predictors, P value <0.05 is considered significant).

Predictors (univariate)	Any pneumothorax	Large pneumothorax	Moderate to severe bleeding	Any complication	TBCB contributed to diagnosis
Gender	0.41	0.95	0.14	0.1	0.02
Largest biopsy size	0.91*	0.79*	0.84#	0.64*	–0.08
Largest biopsy >8 mm	0.69	0.81	0.36	0.56	0.02
Sum of biopsy sizes#	0.96	0.57	0.003	0.02	0.23
2.4-mm cryoprobe	0.31	0.68	0.91	0.44	0.82
Left lung biopsy	0.62	0.69	0.35	0.65	0.63
Non-lower lobe biopsy	0.03	0.05	0.15*	0.49	0.57
Upper lobe biopsy	0.21	0.21	0.43*	0.77	0.75
Smoking status	0.11	0.8	0.52	0.65	0.74
Physician	0.08	0.15*	0.06	0.17	0.98
Anticoagulant therapy	–	–	0.77	0.86	0.88
Pleura in biopsy	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.92
Age#	0.47	0.25	0.23	0.77	0.77
%FEV1#	0.47	0.69	0.38	0.79	0.6
%FVC#	0.42	0.56	0.08	0.35	0.33
%DLco#	0.46	0.27	0.17	0.07	0.57
6MWTD#	0.13	0.31	0.39	0.47	0.08

*. Fisher’s exact test because of cell(s) with <5 cases; ^#, Groups compared by Mann-Whitney test. Large pneumothorax = pneumothorax requiring chest tube. FEV₁, forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FVC, forced vital capacity; DL_co, diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide; 6MWTD, six-minute walk test distance.