Figure 1.

Geographic locations and time ranges of modern and ancient individuals sampled

(A) Map showing the geographic origin of the Isthmian individuals sampled; the inset represents the locations of the archaeological excavations.

(B) Schematic drawings of Tumba 1 in the Plaza Mayor site of Panamá Viejo and the burial at Coco del Mar. The table reports mtDNA and Y chromosome haplogroup affiliations, molecular sex determination, and ¹⁴C-calibrated dates (CE). The sum distributions of all ages combined are shown, separately for the two sites, above (Tumba 1) and below (Coco del Mar) the table. Calibration dataset was IntCal20. Calibration software was OxCal 4.4.2. The inset on the right shows no kinship relationships (values extracted from Table S2 with error bars indicating 2-fold Standard Errors, SE) among individuals buried together in Plaza Mayor Tumba 1 and Coco del Mar. IDs (and additional information) are indicated in black and gray, respectively.