Figure 2. Neutrophil attraction to Leishmania major inoculation site is TLR-2 dependent.
(a) Relative TLR mRNA expression ± standard deviation was determined in naïve primary keratinocytes. (b) mRNA levels ± standard deviation of the indicated chemokines were assessed at the indicated time points after infection in infected ears of WT, Myd88−/−, and Tlr2−/− mice. Results are expressed as fold increase relative to expression in uninfected ears. (c, d) WT, Tlr2−/−, and MyD88−/− mice were infected intradermally with 106 L. major promastigotes. (c) Flow cytometry gating strategy and (d) mean number ± standard deviation of neutrophils recruited were measured at the indicated times by flow cytometry. ***P < 0.001, L. major-infected WT versus Tlr2−/− or MyD88−/− mice. n = 4 mice/group . (e) Representative hematoxylin and eosin staining of histological sections of ears from WT and Tlr2−/− mice at 0, 4, and 24 hours after L. major infection. The data are representative of three independent experiments. Scale bar = 100 μm. h, hour; HPRT, hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase; TLR, toll-like receptor; WT, wild type.
