Figure 4.

In vitro brachytherapy enhancement of OS MBs for CNE2 and LM6 cells under hypoxic conditions. A) Scheme showing in vitro ¹²⁵I brachytherapy with the addition of OS MBs for oxygenation, where cells were seeded on culture wells at the bottom with ¹²⁵I seeds placed on the transwell and OS MBs were added to the medium. B) Cell viability of CNE2 cells irradiated by the ¹²⁵I seeds at different numbers (∼870 µCi per seed) for 48 h with/without the addition of OS MBs for oxygenation under hypoxic or normoxic conditions (n = 3, *p = 0.045 and **p = 0.031). C) Cell viability of LM6 cells irradiated by ¹²⁵I seeds at different numbers (∼870 µCi per seed) for 48 h with/without the addition of OS MBs for oxygenation under hypoxic or normoxic conditions (n = 3, *p = 0.041 and **p = 0.030). D) Tail moment of CNE2 and LM6 cells with different treatments: 1) PBS control; 2) addition of OS MBs; 3) brachytherapy alone (BT alone); and 4) brachytherapy and addition of OS MBs (BT + OS MBs) (n = 3, *p = 0.038, and **p = 0.015). E) Fluorescent images of CNE2 cells with different treatments after single‐cell gel electrophoresis in a comet assay (the arrow indicates the tail formed by radiation‐induced DNA fragments).