Table 1b.
Participant childhood trauma, depression, and health profile by site.
|
Mbekweni |
TC Newman |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD, range) | Total n (%) | Mean (SD, range) | Total n (%) | Two-sample t-test statistic (p) | |
| Childhood trauma composite | |||||
| Not enough to eat | 149 (29.22) | 131 (31.72) | −0.82 (0.41) | ||
| Called “stupid,” “lazy,” or “ugly” by family | 101 (19.80) | 144 (34.87) | −5.13 (<0.001) | ||
| Parents were too drunk or high | 90 (17.65) | 54 (13.08) | 1.93 (0.05) | ||
| Had to wear dirty clothes | 39 (7.65) | 31 (7.51) | 0.08 (0.94) | ||
| Thought her parents wished she had not been born | 48 (9.41) | 79 (19.13) | −4.17 (<0.001) | ||
| Hit hard enough by family to see a doctor | 46 (9.02) | 29 (7.02) | 1.12 (0.26) | ||
| Hit hard enough by family to bruise | 52 (10.20) | 58 (14.04) | −1.77 (0.08) | ||
| Hurtful and insulting comments from family | 75 (14.71) | 246 (59.56) | −15.56 (<0.001) | ||
| Touched sexually | 34 (6.67) | 61 (14.77) | −3.92 (<0.001) | ||
| Forced to do or watch sexual things | 36 (7.06) | 40 (9.69) | −1.42 (0.16) | ||
| Depression composite | |||||
| Pessimism | 133 (26.08) | 108 (26.15) | −0.02 (0.98) | ||
| Past failure | 148 (29.02) | 107 (25.91) | 1.05 (0.29) | ||
| Loss of pleasure | 205 (40.20) | 172 (41.65) | −0.45 (0.66) | ||
| Feelings of guilt | 142 (27.84) | 150 (36.32) | −2.74 (<0.01) | ||
| Feelings of punishment | 130 (25.49) | 119 (28.81) | −1.13 (0.26) | ||
| Dislike of self | 128 (25.10) | 88 (21.31) | 1.36 (0.17) | ||
| Critical of self | 151 (29.61) | 108 (26.15) | 1.17 (0.24) | ||
| Crying | 140 (27.45) | 141 (34.14) | −2.19 (0.03) | ||
| Loss of interest | 178 (34.90) | 157 (38.01) | −0.98 (0.33) | ||
| Indecisiveness | 152 (29.80) | 155 (37.53) | −2.47 (0.01) | ||
| Feelings of worthlessness | 113 (22.16) | 92 (22.28) | −0.04 (0.97) | ||
| Loss of energy | 168 (32.94) | 244 (59.08) | −8.18 (<0.001) | ||
| Irritability | 164 (32.16) | 266 (64.41) | −10.28 (<0.001) | ||
| Fatigue | 179 (35.10) | 284 (68.77) | −10.82 (<0.001) | ||
| Loss of interest in sex | 154 (30.20) | 250 (60.53) | −9.62 (<0.001) | ||
| Attempted suicide | 17 (3.33) | 59 (14.29) | −5.77 (<0.001) | ||
| Intentional self-harm | 7 (1.37) | 45 (10.90) | −5.88 (<0.001) | ||
| Hospitalization for psychiatric reasons | 3 (0.59) | 42 (10.17) | −6.27 (<0.001) | ||
| Intentional self-danger | 2 (0.39) | 45 (10.90) | −6.73 (<0.001) | ||
| Depression (all) | 142 (27.84) | 156 (37.77) | −3.20 (<0.01) | ||
| Severe depression | 39 (7.65) | 29 (7.02) | 0.36 (0.72) | ||
| Moderate depression | 50 (9.80) | 56 (13.56) | −1.75 (0.08) | ||
| Mild depression | 53 (10.39) | 71 (17.19) | −2.96 (<0.01) | ||
| No depression | 368 (72.16) | 257 (62.23) | 3.20 (<0.01) | ||
| Health profile | |||||
| Tobacco use | −16.63 (<0.001) | ||||
| High risk | 6 (1.18) | 46 (11.14) | |||
| Moderate risk | 21 (4.12) | 178 (43.10) | |||
| Low risk | 483 (94.71) | 189 (45.76) | |||
| Alcohol use | −2.06 (0.04) | ||||
| High risk | 24 (4.71) | 6 (1.45) | |||
| Moderate risk | 10 (1.96) | 59 (14.29) | |||
| Low risk | 476 (93.33) | 348 (84.26) | |||
| HIV status | 182 (35.69) | 16 (3.87) | 13.67 (<0.001) | ||
Note: SD = standard deviation.