. 2020 Oct 27;24(5):777–786. doi: 10.1017/S1368980020003444

Table 3.

Weighted prevalence of plant-based dietary practices by independent variables of interest for Canadians ≥2 years old from the Canadian Community Health Survey–Nutrition 2015^†,‡

Characteristics	PBDP categories
	Vegetarians/vegans		Pescatarians		Red meat excluders		Non-PBDP
	%	se	%	se	%	se	se	%	P
Total (n 20 477)	1·57	0·18	0·65	0·13	2·81	0·23	94·97	0·32
Region of Canada^§									0·009
Atlantic provinces	1·22	0·29	0·56	0·21	1·86	0·37	96·36	0·51
Quebec	0·44	0·13	0·66	0·38	2·34	0·49	96·56	0·63
Ontario	2·17	0·38	0·77	0·22	3·37	0·45	93·69	0·63
Prairie provinces	1·36	0·29	0·35	0·10	2·63	0·34	95·66	0·49
British Columbia	2·25	0·63	0·76	0·21	2·73	0·48	94·27	0·79
Urban/rural residence									0·027
Urban	1·73	0·22	0·72	0·15	2·99	0·25	94·56	0·36
Rural	0·77	0·22	0·32	0·19	2·00	0·53	96·92	0·67
Gender									0·038
Women	1·89	0·29	0·69	0·14	3·35	0·34	94·07	0·46
Men	1·23	0·20	0·62	0·22	2·26	0·26	95·89	0·38
Marital status^‖									0·078
Non-partnered	1·14	0·23	1·05	0·31	2·53	0·40	95·27	0·56
Partnered	1·88	0·29	0·55	0·15	2·96	0·33	94·61	0·45
Immigrated to Canada^¶									<0·001
Yes	3·94	0·59	1·00	0·34	4·76	0·66	90·29	0·92
No	0·82	0·13	0·54	0·13	2·21	0·22	96·43	0·29
Cultural identity^†,†									<0·001
White	0·67	0·13	0·53	0·13	1·72	0·19	97·08	0·26
South Asian	14·41	2·23	0·65	0·38	13·38	2·08	71·56	3·03
Other	1·50	0·42	1·11	0·40	4·14	0·63	93·24	0·82
Education^‡,‡									<0·001
High school equivalent	1·04	0·24	0·27	0·09	2·14	0·34	96·55	0·43
Certificate/diploma below bachelor’s degree	0·92	0·18	0·68	0·26	2·12	0·31	96·28	0·45
Bachelor’s degree or higher	2·48	0·37	0·84	0·20	3·85	0·42	92·83	0·61
Employment status^§,§									0·335
Unemployed	1·60	0·30	0·64	0·17	3·48	0·48	94·27	0·57
Employed	1·69	0·28	0·79	0·22	2·52	0·29	95	0·47
Household food insecurity^‖,‖									0·846
Food secure	1·60	0·19	0·67	0·14	2·81	0·23	94·93	0·33
Food insecure	1·22	0·44	0·51	0·24	2·92	0·60	95·35	0·85
Household income^¶,¶									0·123
Quintile 1	1·98	0·40	1·05	0·43	3·96	0·60	93·01	0·79
Quintile 2	1·99	0·45	0·34	0·13	2·85	0·44	94·82	0·72
Quintile 3	1·60	0·44	0·84	0·37	2·74	0·45	94·82	0·70
Quintile 4	1·16	0·27	0·57	0·23	2·34	0·52	95·94	0·67
Quintile 5	1·08	0·35	0·46	0·14	2·16	0·43	96·31	0·55
Supplement intake^†,†,†									0·012
Yes	2·16	0·29	0·82	0·20	3·03	0·33	94·00	0·48
No	1·08	0·20	0·51	0·17	2·63	0·29	95·78	0·41
Participated in 150 min of physical activity/week^‡,‡,‡									0·303
Yes	1·14	0·27	0·81	0·24	2·71	0·38	95·34	0·49
No	1·92	0·30	0·70	0·21	2·88	0·35	94·51	0·54
Has at least one chronic disease^§,§,§									0·261
Yes	1·80	0·49	0·38	0·10	3·33	0·57	94·50	0·70
No	1·48	0·21	0·82	0·21	2·66	0·29	95·03	0·42
Smoker^‖,‖,‖									<0·001
Yes	0·32	0·17	0·42	0·20	1·28	0·32	97·98	0·41
No	1·87	0·25	0·79	0·17	3·14	0·29	94·20	0·41
Age^¶,¶,¶									0·315
Mean	37·87		41·03		41·32		41·28
se	1·79		2·25		1·35		0·13
BMI^{†,†,†,†}									<0·001
Mean	25·37*		24·93,*		26·58,*		27·18**
se	0·56		0·87		0·49		0·10

PBDP, plant-based dietary practice.

^†

P-values for categorical variables generated from χ ² test with Rao–Scott correction.

^‡

P-values for continuous variables (age and BMI) generated from F-test for the simple linear regression model; if the model was significant, a Bonferroni correction was applied to check which marginal means were significantly different from each other.

^§

Atlantic provinces include Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Prince Edward Island; Prairie provinces include Alberta, Manitoba and Saskatchewan.

^‖

Non-partnered includes widowed and separated; partnered includes married and common law; valid n 14 969.

^¶

Valid n 20 446.

^†,†

‘Other’ includes respondents that identified as non-White only, non-South Asian only or who reported more than one cultural identity; valid n 19 496.

^‡,‡

This corresponds to the highest education attained in the household; levels include up to high school equivalent, certificate or diploma below bachelor’s level and bachelor’s degree or higher; valid n 20 437.

^§,§

Refers to employment status in the last week; This information was collected for respondents aged 15–75 years; valid n 13 736.

^‖,‖

Valid n 20 365.

^¶,¶

Total household income before taxes.

^†,†,†

Refers to supplement intake in the past month; valid n 20 466.

^‡,‡,‡

Data collected for those aged 18 years+ only; valid n 14 221.

^§,§,§

Has at least one chronic disease out of high blood pressure, diabetes, heart disease or cancer; data collected for those aged 19 years+ only; valid n 13 851.

^‖,‖,‖

Data collected for those aged 12 years+ only; valid n 16 646.

^¶,¶,¶

Age measured in years; age also measured as a categorical variable according to Dietary Reference Intake cutoffs was also not significant (data not shown due to vetting restrictions regarding low cell counts by Statistics Canada).

^{†,†,†,†}

Measured BMI was used (70 % of respondents); when measured BMI was unavailable, reported BMI was used; means sharing a symbol (*,**) are not significantly different; refers to adult BMI and only applicable for non-pregnant respondents aged 18 years+; valid n 12 574.