Table 5.
Associations of breast cancer risk and exposures to DEHP metabolites and summary phthalate exposures by waist-hip ratio (WHR)
| Ca | Co | WHR < 0.854 | Ca | Co | WHR ≥ 0.854 | Phet (df = 1)b | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 116 | 475 | OR (95% CI)a | 117 | 471 | OR (95% CI)a | ||
| MEHP%c | |||||||
| ≤ 5.49% | 35 | 147 | 1.00 | 23 | 170 | 1.00 | |
| > 5.49–11.08 | 41 | 155 | 1.09 (0.66–1.81) | 47 | 153 | 2.29 (1.32–3.98) | |
| > 11.08 | 40 | 173 | 0.94 (0.57–1.57) | 47 | 148 | 2.39 (1.36–4.18) | 0.02 |
| P trend | 0.86 | 0.002 | |||||
| Phthalic acid | |||||||
| ≤ 36.90 | 45 | 143 | 1.00 | 30 | 170 | 1.00 | |
| > 36.90–≤ 79.76 | 37 | 161 | 0.74 (0.45–1.20) | 37 | 150 | 1.44 (0.84–2.45) | |
| > 79.76 | 34 | 171 | 0.64 (0.38–1.07) | 50 | 151 | 1.98 (1.18–3.33) | 0.002 |
| P trend | 0.08 | 0.01 | |||||
| ∑DEHP | |||||||
| ≤ 63.21 | 41 | 149 | 1.00 | 39 | 162 | 1.00 | |
| 63.21–133.05 | 38 | 160 | 0.89 (0.54–1.47) | 39 | 157 | 1.07 (0.65–1.77) | |
| > 133.05 | 37 | 166 | 0.90 (0.54–1.50) | 39 | 152 | 1.16 (0.69–1.93) | 0.49 |
| P trend | 0.66 | 0.59 | |||||
| ∑HMWP | |||||||
| ≤ 78.13 | 38 | 147 | 1.00 | 41 | 165 | 1.00 | |
| > 78.13–149.24 | 40 | 159 | 0.99 (0.60–1.64) | 37 | 156 | 0.99 (0.60–1.63) | |
| > 149.24 | 38 | 169 | 0.95 (0.57–1.58) | 39 | 150 | 1.13 (0.68–1.88) | 0.68 |
| P trend | 0.85 | 0.69 | |||||
| ΣLMWP | |||||||
| ≤ 64.0 | 42 | 154 | 1.00 | 37 | 165 | 1.00 | |
| > 64.0–145.29 | 34 | 144 | 0.87 (0.53–1.45) | 39 | 162 | 1.14 (0.69–1.89) | |
| > 145.29 | 40 | 177 | 0.86 (0.52–1.43) | 41 | 144 | 1.44 (0.86–2.43) | 0.17 |
| P trend | 0.19 | ||||||
| ∑LMHMPA | |||||||
| ≤ 226.38 | 39 | 136 | 1.00 | 35 | 175 | 1.00 | |
| > 226.38–442.34 | 38 | 157 | 0.86 (0.52–1.43) | 31 | 157 | 1.04 (0.61–1.78) | |
| > 442.34 | 39 | 182 | 0.79 (0.47–1.31) | 51 | 139 | 2.01 (1.22–3.32) | 0.01 |
| P trend | 0.35 | 0.01 | |||||
Waist-hip ratio (WHR) information was collected at the third follow-up questionnaire (2003–2006); we included subjects with WHR information before breast cancer diagnosis and all control women
aUnconditional logistic regression adjusting for matching factors including ethnicity, age, time of urine collection, type of urine specimen, education, number of children, age at menarche, menopausal status, BMI at urine collection, HT use at urine collection, neighborhood socioeconomic status at urine collection, smoking, alcohol intake, and Mediterranean energy adjusted total score
bP heterogeneity (WHR < 0.854 vs WHR ≥ 0.85) df = 1
cMEHP% was calculated by converting the DEHP metabolites (MEHP, MEHHP, MEOHP, and MECPP) into nanomoles (nmol) using their respective molecular weights (278, 294, 292, and 308 g/mol) and dividing the molar mass of MEHP by the mass of the sum of these metabolites and then multiplying by 100