TABLE 1.
Summary of central nervous system diseases related to pathological microglial phagocytosis.
| Disease /Animal Model | Subsequence | Type of Pathological Phagocytosis | Target Cell | Molecules /Signaling Pathway | Histological Phenotype | Functional Phenotype | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alzheimer's disease: APP/PS1, Aβ, tauP301L | Pathological Mechanism | Excessive | Synapse/Dendritic spines | C1q, mGluR1, TREM, C3, CR3 | Aβ plaques and high phosphorylation tau accumulation, synapse loss, glial cell activation | Memory impairment, aphasia and visual impairment | 39, 40, 42, 43, 44, 100 |
| Parkinson's Disease: 6‐OHDA, MPTP | Pathological Mechanism | Excessive | Neuronal Cell Body | α‐Syn, FcγR, TREM2, Mrc1, P2Y6, LRRK2, WAVE2 | Degeneration and death of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra, appearance of Lewy bodies | Tremor, bradykinesia, cognitive impairment | 38, 80, 81, 82, 85, 88, 90 |
| Autism Spectrum Disorder: TSC2 | Pathological Mechanism | Reduced | Synapse/Dendritic spines | mTOR | Imbalance of glutamatergic signal, imbalance of excitability, abnormal synaptic circuit connections | Abnormal social skills, communication skills impairment, interest's decrease and abnormal behavior patterns | 72 |
| Schizophrenia: Disc1‐/‐, NRG1‐/‐, Dtnbp1‐/‐ | Pathological Mechanism | Excessive | Synapse/Dendritic spines | C3, C4, C4AL | Loss of synapse in prefrontal, temporal, and subcortical structures, injured white matter | Feeling, emotion, behavior, and cognition and the disharmony of mental activities | 50 |
| Multiple Sclerosis: EAE | Pathogeny | Excessive | Myelin Sheath/Synapse/ Dendritic spines | C1q, C3 | Extensive demyelination of white matter, destruction of blood‐brain barrier, proliferation of glial cells, neuroinflammation and synaptic loss | Motor, cognitive and visual deficits | 63, 64 |
| Rett Syndrome:MeCP2‐/‐ | Pathogeny | Excessive | Synapse/Dendritic spines | Not available | Mature dendritic dendrites of pyramidal neurons contract, the density of dendritic spines decrease | Autism‐like behavior, decreased motor control, irregular breathing, neurodevelopmental disorders | |
| Ischemic Stroke: MCAO/BCAS Traumatic Brain Injury: TBI | Pathological Mechanism | Excessive | Neuronal Cell Body | C3aR | Massive loss of neurons, extensive axonal injury and demyelination | Hemiplegia, decreased sensory and motor functions, unconsciousness | 97 |