Table 8.

Comparison of genotype frequencies of HBD-1 gene polymorphisms in smokers who smoked cigarettes and those who smoked shisha

Polymorphisms	Alleles	Controls		Cigarettes		OR	95% CI	X2	P value
		N	%	N	%
rs1047031	Total	280	100%	211	100%
	CC	231	82%	175	83%	Ref
	CT	47	17%	35	16%	0.983	0.608–1.588	0.00	0.94407
	TT	2	1%	1	1%	0.660	0.059–7.337	0.12	0.73346
	CT+TT	49	18%	36	17%	0.970	0.604–1.556	0.02	0.89886
	C	509	91%	385	91%	Ref
	T	51	9%	37	9%	0.959	0.616–1.494	0.03	0.85376
rs1799946	Total	283	100%	213	100%
	CC	77	27%	60	28%	Ref
	CT	141	50%	110	52%	1.001	0.658–1.523	0.00	0.99560
	TT	65	23%	43	20%	0.849	0.509–1.417	0.39	0.53085
	CT+TT	206	73%	153	72%	0.953	0.641–1.418	0.06	0.81279
	C	295	52%	230	54%	Ref
	T	271	48%	196	46%	0.928	0.721–1.193	0.34	0.55907
rs2738047	Total	287	100%	215	100%
	CC	276	96%	210	98%	Ref
	CT	11	4%	5	2%	0.597	0.204–1.746	0.90	0.34148
	TT	0	0%	0	0%	1.314	0.026–66.470	-	1.00000
	CT+TT	11	4%	5	2%	0.597	0.204–1.746	0.90	0.34148
	C	563	98%	425	99%	Ref
	T	11	2%	5	1%	0.602	0.208–1.746	0.89	0.34541
rs11362	Total	281	100%	216	100%
	CC	92	33%	69	32%	Ref
	CT	138	49%	110	51%	1.063	0.712–1.586	0.09	0.76548
	TT	51	18%	37	17%	0.967	0.572–1.637	0.02	0.90145
	CT+TT	189	67%	147	68%	1.037	0.710–1.515	0.04	0.85094
	C	322	57%	248	57%	Ref
	T	240	43%	184	43%	0.995	0.772–1.283	0.00	0.97176
Polymorphisms	Alleles	Controls		Shisha		OR	95% CI	X2	P value
		N	%	N	%
rs1047031	Total	280	100%	71	100%
	CC	231	82%	63	89%	Ref
	CT	47	17%	8	11%	0.624	0.281–1.389	1.35	0.24448
	TT	2	1%	0	0%	0.729	.035–15.381	0.54	0.46059
	CT+TT	49	18%	8	11%	0.599	0.270–1.329	1.62	0.20346
	C	509	91%	134	94%	Ref
	T	51	9%	8	6%	0.596	0.276–1.286	1.78	0.18274
rs1799946	Total	283	100%	71	100%
	CC	77	27%	14	20%	Ref
	CT	141	50%	37	52%	1.443	0.735–2.834	1.14	0.28489
	TT	65	23%	20	28%	1.692	0.793–3.614	1.87	0.17141
	CT+TT	206	73%	57	80%	1.522	0.802–2.888	1.67	0.19661
	C	295	52%	65	46%	Ref
	T	271	48%	77	54%	1.290	0.892–1.865	1.83	0.17626
rs2738047	Total	287	100%	70	100%
	CC	276	96%	63	90%	Ref
	CT	11	4%	7	10%	2.788	1.040–7.476	4.47	0.03448*
	TT	0	0%	0	0%	4.354	0.086–221.534	-	1.00000
	CT+TT	11	4%	7	10%	2.788	1.040–7.476	4.47	0.03448*
	C	563	98%	133	95%	Ref
	T	11	2%	7	5%	2.694	1.025–7.080	4.35	0.06791
rs11362	Total	281	100%	71	100%
	CC	92	33%	29	41%	Ref
	CT	138	49%	33	46%	0.759	0.431–1.334	0.92	0.33656
	TT	51	18%	9	13%	0.560	0.246–1.274	1.94	0.16319
	CT+TT	189	67%	42	59%	0.705	0.413–1.203	1.65	0.19890
	C	322	57%	91	64%	Ref
	T	240	43%	51	36%	0.752	0.513–1.101	2.15	0.14214

*P < 0.05. Abbreviations: HBD-1 = human beta-defensin-1, N = number, % = percent, Ref = reference allele, OR: odds ratio