(A) Whole-brain ANOVA of flanker interference activity (maps of Incongruent – Congruent trials) in the theta range showed significant group differences in the left inferior frontal gyrus, left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, left temporoparietal junction, and the left inferior parietal cortex among uninfected controls, unimpaired HIV-infected adults, and adults with HAND. (B) Whole-brain ANOVA of alpha flanker interference activity across the same three groups revealed significant differences in the left superior frontal gyrus, left middle frontal gyrus, left supramarginal gyrus, left angular gyrus, and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Both maps are shown at an alpha level of .05 (F > 4.3).