Fig 1. Flow chart of fungal samples, sequences, and fungal ASVs in the MicroCOPD study.

DADA2: Divisive Amplicon Denoising Algorithm version 2, seqs: sequences, ASV: amplicon sequence variant. Samples were sequenced in three different runs before trimming and denoising. Data from different sequencing runs were merged, and then further processed to exclude presumed contaminants and negative control samples prior to analyses.