Table 1. Species, sampling location, sample size, shell length, and sampling date for each abalone population used in this study.

Population	Abalone species	Location	Sample size	Shell length (cm)	Sampling date
Goseong	H. discus hannai	Goseong, S. Korea	24	9±2	July, 2013
Yeosu	H. discus hannai	Geomundo Island, Yeosu, S. Korea	30	10±1	August, 2014
Taean	H. discus hannai	Anmyeondo Island, Taean, S. Korea	33	10±1	August, 2014
Japan	H. discus discus	Mie, Japan	5	11±1	March, 2015
Red	H. rufescens	California, USA	11	-	October, 2015