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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Apr 2.
Published in final edited form as: Circ Res. 2021 Apr 1;128(7):951–968. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.121.318093

Figure 5. Effects of obesity on the vasculature which promote dysfunctional remodeling and stiffness of the vasculature.

Figure 5.

EC, endothelial cell; VSMC, vascular smooth muscle cell; MMPs, matrix metalloproteinase; TG2, tissue transglutaminase; Ang II, angiotensin II; MR, mineralocorticoid receptor; TxA2, thromboxane A2; ENaC, epithelial Na+ channel; IL, interleukin; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; NO, nitric oxide; MCP-1, monocyte chemotactic protein-1; CRP, C- reactive protein; TGF-β, transforming growth factor-β. (Illustration credit: Ben Smith)