Figure 2.

Bayesian state-space model to estimate the subject-specific hidden learning state per learning block (see Extended Data Figure 2-1 for the model code). Results of the posterior predictive checks of the model for representative individuals from each learning subgroup in the fMRI experiment and a histogram of the individuals' LOO differences for the comparison of the Bayesian state-space model to an alternative model that estimated the individuals' learning state trial-wise is depicted in Extended Data Figure 2-2.