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. 2021 Apr 7;592(7853):253–257. doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-03335-3

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — a, Allele sharing (f₃) between the IUP Bacho Kiro Cave individuals and present-day populations (X) from the Simons Genome Diversity Project (SGDP)³¹ after their separation from an outgroup (Mbuti) (calculated as f₃(Mbuti; IUP Bacho Kiro, X). Warmer colours on the map⁴⁸ correspond to higher f₃ values (higher shared genetic drift). b, IUP Bacho Kiro Cave individuals share significantly more alleles (proportions of allele sharing or D values plotted on x axis) with the roughly 40,000-year-old Tianyuan individual¹³ than with the approximately 38,000-year-old Kostenki14 individual^29,30. Calculated as D(Tianyuan, Kostenki14; X, Mbuti). c, F6-620 shares significantly more alleles with the Oase1⁷ and GoyetQ116-1²⁹ individuals, ancient Siberians and Native American individuals than with the Kostenki14 individual. Calculated as D(X, Kostenki14; F6-620, Mbuti). b, c, Filled circles indicate a significant value (|Z| ≥ 3); open circles, |Z| < 3. Whiskers correspond to 1 s.e. calculated across all autosomes (1,813,821 SNPs) using a weighted block jackknife²⁸ and a block size of 5 Mb. BK, Bacho Kiro. d, Admixture graph relating Bacho Kiro Cave individuals and ancient humans older than 30 kyr bp. This model uses 281,732 overlapping SNPs in all individuals and fits the data with a single outlier (Z = 3.22). Ancient non-Africans (yellow circles), Vindija 33.19 Neanderthal (orange), Denisovan (grey) and present-day African individuals (light yellow circle) are shown. Admixture edges (dotted lines) show the genetic component related to Neanderthals (red), to the IUP Bacho Kiro Cave individuals (orange) and to BK1653 (green). Numbers on solid branches correspond to the estimated drift in f₂ units of squared frequency difference; labels on dotted edges give admixture proportions.