Table 4.

Studies detailing thoracoscopy management of H type fistula

	Number in study	Age at surgery	Level of fistula	Cannulated preoperatively	Telescope details	Operating ports	Port details	Drain	Time (minutes)	Complication	Time to extubation (days)	Time to discharge (days)
Allal [18]	1	8 days	T2–T3	No	5mm 0deg scope mid axillary line 5th intercostal	3mm	3rd and 4th intercostal space in anterior axillary line	Yes	90	None	5	Not reported
Aziz [19]	1	2 months	T2–T3	No	5mm 0deg scope anterior axillary line	2mm	around telescope port	no		None	1	3
Rothenberg [12]	6	2–12 weeks		No	5mm 30deg posterior axillary line	5mm and 3mm	midaxillary line	yes	50	1 Tracheal repair failure	1	2
van Poll [7]	1	6 days		No	5mm 30 degrees. 1 Rib below scapular tip in mid axillary line	3mm	2cm triangulating from telescope port			None		16 *concurrent oesophageal stenosis
Zani [26]	1–No operative details. Converted to open operation repair
Fallon [3]	1–No operative details
Lisle [27]	1	8 years	T1	No	5mm anterior axillary line 5th intercostal space	5mm	3rd and 7th intercostal	No	150	None	1	4
Cuestas [28]	1	17 days		Yes-guidewire						Pneumothorax, diaphragmatic paralysis and vocal cord paralysis
	1	27days		Yes-guidewire							3
Al Salem [29]	1		‘Low level’	No operative details