Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Apr 8.
Published in final edited form as: Drug Alcohol Depend. 2021 Feb 13;221:108588. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108588

Table 2.

Unadjusted and age- and gender-adjusted relative risk (RR) estimates (relative to non-Hispanic White individuals) for past-year prescription opioid misuse and heroin use, by race/ethnicity and time period.

1999–2002 2003–2006 2007–2010 2011–2014 2015–2018
Unadj. RR
[95% CI]		 Adj. RR
[95% CI]		 Unadj. RR
[95% CI]		 Adj. RR
[95% CI]		 Unadj. RR
[95% CI]		 Adj. RR
[95% CI]		 Unadj. RR
[95% CI]		 Adj. RR
[95% CI]		 Unadj. RR
[95% CI]		 Adj. RR
[95% CI]
PRESCRIPTION OPIOIDS
Non-Hispanic Black 0.75
[0.68, 0.84] 		0.66
[0.60, 0.74] 		0.67
[0.61, 0.74] 		0.59
[0.53, 0.64] 		0.72
[0.65, 0.79] 		0.63
[0.57, 0.69] 		0.94
[0.85, 1.04]		 0.81
[0.74, 0.90] 		0.86
[0.79, 0.94] 		0.74
[0.68, 0.81]
Hispanic 1.09
[0.98, 1.21]		 0.87
[0.78, 0.97] 		0.94
[0.86, 1.02]		 0.73
[0.67, 0.80] 		0.82
[0.75, 0.89] 		0.65
[0.60, 0.70] 		1.03
[0.94, 1.12]		 0.80
[0.73, 0.87] 		0.94
[0.87, 1.01]		 0.73
[0.68, 0.79]
Asian 0.55
[0.42, 0.72] 		0.48
[0.37, 0.62] 		0.46
[0.37, 0.58] 		0.39
[0.31, 0.49] 		0.53
[0.41, 0.69] 		0.47
[0.36, 0.61] 		0.45
[0.36, 0.57] 		0.38
[0.30, 0.48] 		0.39
[0.32, 0.49] 		0.33 [
0.27, 0.41]
Native American 1.36
[1.03, 1.81] 		1.20
[0.91, 1.59]		 1.36
[1.06, 1.74] 		1.18
[0.92, 1.51]		 1.51
[1.16, 1.97] 		1.35
[1.04, 1.75] 		1.52
[1.21, 1.92] 		1.32
[1.05, 1.66] 		1.26
[1.02, 1.56] 		1.09
[0.88, 1.34]
Other race/multiracial 1.50
[1.20, 1.88] 		1.31
[1.05, 1.63] 		0.99
[0.84, 1.15]		 0.87
[0.75, 1.01]		 1.23
[1.03, 1.47] 		1.08
[0.91, 1.28]		 1.26
[1.08, 1.47] 		1.04
[0.89, 1.20]		 1.35
[1.18, 1.55] 		1.13
[0.98, 1.29]
HEROIN
Non-Hispanic Black 1.41
[0.87, 2.28]		 1.28
[0.79, 2.09]		 1.60
[1.02, 2.53] 		1.44
[0.91, 2.28]		 0.87
[0.55, 1.39]		 0.78
[0.49, 1.24]		 0.66
[0.45, 0.98] 		0.59
[0.40, 0.86] 		0.80
0.53, 1.20]		 0.70
[0.46, 1.05]
Hispanic 1.46
[0.93, 2.30]		 1.15
[0.73, 1.81]		 1.92
[1.21, 3.04] 		1.45
[0.91, 2.30]		 0.81
[0.50, 1.33]		 0.62
[0.38, 1.02]		 0.63
[0.47, 0.86] 		0.48
[0.36, 0.66] 		0.65
[0.46, 0.91] 		0.51
[0.36, 0.71]
Other race/multiracial 0.60
[0.34, 1.04]		 0.52
[0.30, 0.91] 		0.62
[0.34, 1.12]		 0.53
[0.30, 0.96] 		0.42
[0.25, 0.71] 		0.37
[0.22, 0.62] 		0.41
[0.24, 0.71] 		0.35
[0.20, 0.60] 		0.43
[0.29, 0.64] 		0.36
[0.24, 0.53]

Note: All estimates are obtained from regression models that account for NSDUH survey design. Bold denotes RR that are significant at the 0.05 significance level.