Table 3.

Linear trend test comparing prevalence trends across racial/ethnic groups.

	Relative Risk	95% CI
Prescription Opioid Misuse
Primary linear trend test: 1999–2018
White vs Black	0.95	[0.92, 0.98]
White vs Hispanic	1.03	[1.00, 1.06]
White vs Asian	1.09	[1.02, 1.16]
White vs Native American	1.01	[0.95, 1.08]
White vs Other race/Multiracial	1.01	[0.96, 1.07]
Sensitivity test: 1999–2014
White vs Black	0.94	[0.90, 0.98]
White vs Hispanic	1.04	[1.00, 1.09]
White vs Asian	1.06	[0.96, 1.17]
White vs Native American	0.97	[0.88, 1.07]
White vs Other race/Multiracial	1.06	[0.98, 1.14]
Heroin Use
Primary linear trend test: 1999–2018
White vs Black	1.23	[1.06, 1.43]
White vs Hispanic	1.31	[1.15, 1.50]
White vs Other race/Multiracial	1.11	[0.94, 1.30]

Note: All estimates are obtained from regression models that adjust for age and gender and use survey sampling weights. Bold denotes RR that are significant at the 0.05 significance level. Time period is coded as a continuous variable (i.e., 1–5) to estimate linear trends. Estimated RRs represent the relative change in prevalence per four-year time period. Given 2015 survey revisions, we include a test of time period trends in prescription opioid misuse from 1999–2014 as a sensitivity analysis.