Figure 2. Unadjusted Prevalence of Adverse Left Ventricular Outcomes with Age, Overall and by Race and Sex.

The prevalences of adverse left ventricular (LV) outcomes were estimated by age. Age groups 55–59 and 60–64 years were combined due to small sample sizes in some race-sex groups at age 60–64 years. Diastolic dysfunction and stage B abnormalities are shown after age 40–44 years due to unavailability of measures at younger ages (see Methods). P-values are as follows: p_rs, comparison by race-sex group; p_l, linear trend with age; p_lxrs, age*race-sex interaction; p_q, quadratic trend with age. Blacks had higher prevalences than whites of all adverse LV outcomes, and race-sex differences were statistically significant for adverse geometry overall, concentric remodeling, concentric hypertrophy, and diastolic dysfunction. The minimum and maximum sample sizes underlying any data point are as follows: overall 200 (for adverse LV geometry at age 40–44 years) to 2070 (for diastolic dysfunction at age 50–54 years); among Black men 35 (for LV geometry at age 35–39 years) to 351 (for diastolic dysfunction at age 50–54 years); among Black women 66 (for any stage B abnormality at age 40–44 years) to 563 (for diastolic dysfunction at age 50–54 years); among White men 29 (for any stage B abnormality at age 40–44 years) to 535 (for diastolic dysfunction at age 50–54 years); and among White women 40 (for any stage B abnormality at age 40–44 years) to 621 (for diastolic dysfunction at age 50–54 years).