Fig. C.1. Non-zero density flux close to the membrane leads to the bias in membrane permeability.
The particle density across a permeable membrane has an offset due to the finite permeability. The input permeability κ0 is related to the difference of particle density (⟨ρ1⟩, ⟨ρ2⟩) averaged within the thickness of the hopping step size (δs1, δs2); however, the genuine permeability κ, to be achieved in simulations, is related to the difference of the particle density (ρ0,1, ρ0,2) at the membrane. As a result, the genuine permeability κ is always larger than the input value κ0. To clarify, only density flux to the right is plotted in this figure. In actual simulations, the balance of the density flux in both directions yields a homogeneous particle density in each compartment.