Marker	View(s)	Mode	Detail
PDA size	Suprasternal ductal cut with color and 2D	2D	Measured at narrowest diameter via sweep from aorta to pulmonary artery
Mitral valve E:A wave ratio	Apical 4-chamber view	2D PW	Measured at base of open mitral valve leaflets
IVRT	Apical 5-chamber view with color	Color PW	Measured in left ventricle where both inflow and outflow are apparent
Pulmonary vein D wave velocity	Apical 4-chamber view with color narrowed to pulmonary vein inflow to left atrium	Color PW	Measured within the mouth of the pulmonary vein prior to its entry into the left atrium
Aortic VTI for LVO calculation	Apical 5-chamber view	PW	Measured in line with outflow tract at the level of the aortic leaflets
LA: Ao	Parasternal long axis	M-mode	Measured in end systole with well aligned/“opened up” aortic root
LVEDD	Parasternal long axis	M-mode	Measured in end-diastole
Ejection Fraction	Apical 4- and 2-chamber views	2D	Measured in end-diastole and end-systole via Simpsons biplane
Diastolic flow in descending aorta	Suprasternal long axis aortic view	Color PW	Measured at the level of the diaphragm
Diastolic flow in celiac artery	Subcostal sagittal view	Color PW	Measured with slight angulation to bring celiac artery into view
Diastolic flow in MCA	Cranial axial view	Color PW	Measured in line with flow

PDA: patent ductus arteriosus; PW: pulse wave Doppler; IVRT: isovolumic relaxation time; VTI: velocity time integral; LVO: left ventricular output; LA: Ao: ratio of left atrium to aorta; LVEDD: left ventricular end diastolic diameter; MCA: middle cerebral artery