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. 2021 Apr 7;11:7586. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-87201-2

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Venn diagrams summarizing metabolomic changes in the vitreous and retina of recovering FDEP (a) and control (b) eyes in animals exposed to BEW light compared to SW light. Compared to eyes reared under SW light, the metabolomic profiles within the FDEP and control eyes reared under BEW, involved an increase in vitreal H1, a reduction in retinal acylcarnitines, as well as increases in glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids in the vitreous and retina, respectively. Recovering FDEP eyes and control eyes exposed to BEW light also exhibited changes in biogenic amines (e.g., total and symmetric dimethylarginine (total DMA and SDMA), putrescine, spermidine, alpha aminodipic acid (alpha-AAA) and serotonin) and amino acids (e.g., alanine, valine, threonine, histidine and tyrosine) in the vitreous and retina. Alpha-AAA alpha-aminodipic acid, Ala alanine, Asp aspartate, C0 carnitine, C2 acetylcarnitine, C4 butyrylcarnitine, C6 hexanoylcarnitine, C6 (C4:1-DC) hexanoylcarnitine (fumarylcarnitine), C14 tetradecanoylcarnitine, C14:1 tetradecenoylcarnitine, C16 hexadecanoylcarnitine, C18 octadecanoylcarnitine, C18-1 octadecenoylcarnitine, Cit citrulline, Glu glutamate, H1 sum of hexoses (including glucose), His histidine, Iso isoleucine, Lys lysine, Met methionine, Phe phenylalanine, Pro proline, SDMA symmetric dimethylarginine, t4-OH Pro trans-4-hydroxyproline, Thr threonine, Total DMA total dimethylarginine, Trp tryptophan, Tyr tyrosine, Val valine.