Table 3.
Pharmaceutical trials for diabetes prevention
| Study | Country | Year | Prediabetes phenotypes | Trial drugs | Study size | Mean follow-up (in years) | Relative risk reduction for diabetes intervention versus placebo (95% confidence interval) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TRIPOD (13) | United States | 2002 | IGT (women with a history of GDM) | Troglitazone versus placebo | 266 | 2.5 | 55% (17, 75) |
| STOP-NIDDM (18) | International | 2002 | IGT and IFG | Acarbose versus placebo | 1,429 | 3.3 | 25% (10, 37) |
| DPP (56) | United States | 2002 | IGT and IFG | Metformin versus placebo | 3,234 | 2.8 | 31% (17, 43) |
| US-DPP (26) | United States | 2005 | IGT | Troglitazone versus placebo | 585 | 0.9 | 75% (NR) |
| XENDOS study (105) | International | 2006 | IGT | Orlistat versus placebo | 3,305 | 4 | 37% (14, 54) |
| Indian DPP (86) | India | 2006 | IGT | Metformin versus placebo | 531 | 2.5 | 26.4% (19.1, 35.1) |
| DREAM trial (30) | International | 2006 | IGT and IFG | Rosiglitazone versus placebo | 5,269 | 3 | 62% (56, 67) |
| DREAM trial (12) | International | 2006 | IGT and IFG | Ramipril versus placebo | 5,269 | 3 | 9% (−3, 20) |
| Voglibose trial (54) | Japan | 2009 | IGT | Voglibose versus placebo | 1,780 | 0.9 | 40% (18, 57) |
| NAVIGATOR (47) | International | 2010 | IGT and IFG | Nateglinide versus placebo | 9,306 | 5 | −7% (−15, 0)a (favors placebo) |
| NAVIGATOR (47) | International | 2010 | IGT and IFG | Valsartan versus placebo | 9,306 | 5 | 14% (8, 20) |
| ACT NOW trial (23) | United States | 2011 | IGT | Pioglitazone versus placebo | 602 | 2.4 | 72% (51, 84) |
| SCALE (61, 84) | International | 2017 | IGT and IFG | Liraglutide versus placebo | 2,254 | 3 | 79% (66, 87) |
Abbreviations: ACT NOW, ACTOS Now for Prevention of Diabetes; DPP, Diabetes Prevention Program; DREAM, Diabetes Reduction Assessment with Ramipril and Rosiglitazone Medication; GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; IFG, impaired fasting glycemia; IGT, impaired glucose tolerance; NAVIGATOR, Nateglinide and Valsartan in Impaired Glucose Tolerance Outcomes Research; NR, not reported; SCALE, Satiety and Clinical Adiposity–Liraglutide Evidence; STOP-NIDDM, Study To Prevent Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus; TRIPOD, Troglitazone Prevention of Diabetes; XENDOS, XENical in the Prevention of Diabetes in Obese Subjects.
a
Denotes a lack of risk reduction.