Table 2.
Dependent variables | Average marginal effect of stigma3 (95% CI) |
---|---|
Provision of OUD treatment | |
Prescribe either buprenorphine or injectable extended-release naltrexone for OUD | −0.1%** (0.16, −0.07) |
Prescribe buprenorphine (also called Suboxone or Subutex) for OUD | −0.08*** (0.12, −0.03) |
Prescribe injectable extended-release naltrexone (also called Vivitrol) for OUD | −0.07*** (0.11, −0.03) |
Provide OUD counseling themselves | −0.03 (−0.11, 0.05) |
Referral to OUD treatment4 | |
Refer patients to another clinician who prescries buprenorphine, injectable extended-release naltrexone, or methadone for OUD | −0.20*** (0.29, −0.11) |
Refer patients to another clinician who prescribes buprenorphine for OUD | −0 17*** (0.26, −0.08) |
Refer patients to another clinician who prescribes injectable extended-release naltrexone for OUD | −0.07* (0.14, 0.00) |
Refer patients to an OUD methadone treatment program | −0.04 (−0.10, 0.03) |
Refer patients to OUD counseling | −0.02 (−0.10, 0.06) |
Refer patients to OUd counseling outside their practice | 0.03 (−0.07, 0.12) |
Refer patients to OUD counseling inside their practice | −0.10* (0.17, −0.03) |
p<0.05
p<0.01
p<0.001
All models control for sex, age, region, highest degree (MD/DO), year of graduation from medical school, specialty, practice type, and personal experience (self, close friend, or family member) with OUD and are weighted for nonresponse.
Independent variable is a continuous summary stigma measure created using the mean of an individuals’ responses to the 12 stigma items (range: 1–5) with 1 indicating the lowest degree of stigma and 5 indicating the highest degree of stigma.
The average marginal effect indicates the percentage point change in the predicted probability of the outcome associated with a one-unit change in the stigma scale (range 1–5).
Among primary care physician respondents who do not provide treatment themselves.