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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Cell Physiol. 2020 Dec 21;236(7):5121–5133. doi: 10.1002/jcp.30218

Figure 3. Ghrelin attenuates LPS-induced M1 polarization of Kupffer cells/macrophages.

Figure 3.

Cultured Kupffer cells/macrophages were treated with LPS at the dose of 4ng/ml to induce M1 polarization. The effects of ghrelin on the M1 polarization of Kupffer cells/macrophages were examined by measurement of iNOS, TNFα and Arg-1. n=12, * denotes P<0.05 vs control.

A. Effects on hepatic levels of iNOS and Arg-1.

B. Presence of GHSR1a mRNA in isolated Kupffer cells/macrophages.

C. GHSR1a internalization. Kupffer cells/macrophages were treated with rhodamine-labelled ghrelin for indicated times and fluorescent signal detected by Leica microscope.

D. Effects on mRNA levels of TNFα and Arg-1 in cultured Kupffer cells/macrophages.

E. Ghrelin demonstrates no effect on TNFα and Arg-1 in Kupffer cells/macrophages with GHSR1a deficiency.