Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of participants by age group (N = 119).
| Characteristics | Overall | Adult | Child | Age-Group Comparison |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| mean (SD) | mean (SD) | mean (SD) | p (t-test) | |
| Age in years | 21.76 (14.08) | 35.14 (12.85) | 12.39 (2.82) | |
| YGTSS Total Tic Score | 24.45 (6.43) | 23.82 (0.97) | 24.90 (0.74) | .516 |
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | p (X2) | |
| Sex | ||||
| Female | 39 (32.8%) | 21 (42.9%) | 18 (25.7%) | .050 |
| Male | 80 (67.2%) | 28 (57.1%) | 52 (74.3%) | |
| Race | ||||
| Caucasian | 96 (80.7%) | 39 (79.6%) | 57 (81.4%) | .701 |
| Non-Caucasian | 23 (19.3%) | 10 (20.4%) | 13 (18.6%) | |
| Medication Status | ||||
| On Tic Medications | 39 (37.9%) | 12 (29.3%) | 27 (43.5%) | .144 |
| No Medications | 64 (62.1%) | 29 (70.7%) | 35 (56.5%) | |
| Diagnoses | ||||
| Chronic Vocal Tic Disorder | 2 (1.7%) | 1 (2%) | 1 (1.4%) | -- |
| Chronic Motor Tic Disorder | 11 (9.2%) | 7 (14.3%) | 4 (5.7%) | |
| Tourette’s Disorder | 106 (89.1%) | 41 (83.7%) | 65 (92.9%) | |
| Co-occurring Conditions | ||||
| Anya | 65 (54.6%) | 23 (46.9%) | 42 (60%) | .159 |
| OCD | 20 (16.8%) | 10 (20.4%) | 10 (14.3%) | .379 |
| Anxiety Disordersb | 30 (25.2%) | 8 (16.3%) | 22 (31.4%) | .062 |
| ADHD | 35 (29.4%) | 14 (28.6%) | 21 (30%) | .866 |
Abbreviations: ADHD = Attention Deficit/Hyperactive Disorder; OCD = Obsessive Compulsive Disorder; YGTSS = Yale Global Tic Severity Scale.
a
Participants who met diagnostic criteria for any psychiatric conditions, including OCD, ADHD, anxiety and depressive disorders.
b
Generalized anxiety, social anxiety, separation anxiety, specific phobia, panic disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder.