Table 1.
Baseline characteristics and left ventricular function in women with INOCA and controls.
| Reference Control (n = 12) | INOCA (n = 65) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Anthropometrics and Hemodynamics | |||
| Age (years) | 50 ± 5 | 55 ± 11 | 0.14 |
| Height (cm) | 161 ± 6 | 164 ± 6 | 0.79 |
| Weight (kg) | 69.4 ± 8.9 | 71.4 ± 15.1 | 0.64 |
| BSA (m2) | 1.73 ± 0.11 | 1.77 ± 0.16 | 0.80 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 120 ± 14 | 114 ± 15 | 0.20 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 64 ± 11 | 63 ± 10 | 0.79 |
| Heart Rate (bpm) | 63 ± 9 | 62 ± 8 | 0.77 |
| Medical History | |||
| Hypertension n (%) | 0 (0) | 19 (29) | 0.03 |
| Diabetes n (%) | 0 (0) | 2 (3) | 0.54 |
| Hypercholesteremia n (%) | 0 (0) | 8 (12) | 0.71 |
| Smoking History n (%) | 1 (8) | 16 (25) | 0.04 |
| Medications | |||
| Beta-Blockers n (%) | 0 (0) | 18 (28) | - |
| ACEi n (%) | 0 (0) | 19 (29) | - |
| ARB n (%) | 0 (0) | 4 (6) | - |
| Statin n (%) | 0 (0) | 38 (58) | - |
| Health Status | |||
| SAQ - Exertional Capacity | n/a | 62 ± 23 | - |
| SAQ - Anginal Stability | n/a | 49 ± 22 | - |
| SAQ - Anginal Frequency | n/a | 49 ± 27 | - |
| SAQ - Disease Perception | n/a | 47 ± 21 | - |
| SAQ - Treatment Satisfaction | n/a | 72 ± 19 | - |
| KCCQ - Clinical Summary Score | n/a | 69 ± 19 | - |
| KCCQ - Overall Summary Score | n/a | 64 ± 22 | - |
| LV Mass & Volumes | |||
| EDVi (mL/m2) | 64 ± 8 | 67 ± 10 | 0.18 |
| ESVi (mL/m2) | 23 ± 6 | 25 ± 6 | 0.28 |
| SVi (mL/m2) | 41 ± 4 | 42 ± 6 | 0.34 |
| EF (%) | 64 ± 5 | 63 ± 5 | 0.62 |
| COi (L/min/m2) | 2.6 ± 0.3 | 2.7 ± 0.5 | 0.35 |
| LV Mass Index (g/m2) | 40.3 ± 3.6 | 43.2 ± 6.3 | 0.12 |
| Concentricity (g/mL) | 0.63 ± 0.06 | 0.65 ± 0.10 | 0.59 |
| LA Volume Index (mL/m2) | 36 ± 4 | 36 ± 7 | 0.89 |
| Mitral Inflow | |||
| E Velocity (cm/s) | 70 ± 15 | 69 ± 19 | 0.92 |
| A Velocity (cm/s) | 56 ± 12 | 56 ± 17 | 0.98 |
| E/A Ratio | 1.31 ± 0.40 | 1.37 ± 0.61 | 0.78 |
| LV Strain and Strain Rate | |||
| Circumferential Strain (%) | −24.8 ± 1.67 | −24.3 ± 2.5 | 0.51 |
| Circumferential Systolic SR (/s) | −1.14 ± 0.15 | −1.13 ± 0.19 | 0.84 |
| Circumferential Early Diastolic SR (/s) | 1.61 ± 0.33 | 1.36 ± 0.31 | 0.02 |
| Circumferential Late Diastolic SR (/s) | 0.70 ± 0.17 | 0.74 ± 0.21 | 0.51 |
| Longitudinal Strain (%) | −21.6 ± 2.4 | −20.9 ± 2.6 | 0.42 |
| Longitudinal Systolic SR (/s) | −0.98 ± 0.18 | −0.93 ± 0.31 | 0.57 |
| Longitudinal Early Diastolic SR (/s) | 1.23 ± 0.36 | 1.06 ± 0.25 | 0.04 |
| Longitudinal Late Diastolic SR (/s) | 0.88 ± 0.22 | 0.83 ± 0.23 | 0.52 |
| Myocardial Tissue Characteristics and Perfusion Reserve | |||
| Native T1 (ms) | 1246 ± 38 | 1253 ± 72 | 0.75 |
| Post-Contrast T1 (ms) | 456 ± 24 | 446 ± 59 | 0.61 |
| ECV (%) | 29.0 ± 1.9 | 28.0 ± 3.2 | 0.38 |
| MPRI | 1.89 ± 0.29 | 1.72 ± 0.30 | 0.08 |
| Late Gadolinium Enhancement | |||
| Ischemic Pattern (n/%) | 0/0 | 1/2 | |
| Non-Ischemic Pattern (n/%) | 0/0 | 9/14 | |
| Aortic Stiffness | |||
| aPWV (m/s) | 6.1 ± 1.5 | 8.1 ± 3.2 | 0.05 |
INOCA – ischemia with no obstructive coronary artery disease; BSA – body surface area; SBP – systolic blood pressure; DBP – diastolic blood pressure; LV – left ventricular; SAQ – Seattle angina questionnaire; KCCQ – Kansas City cardiomyopathy Questionnaire; EDVi – end-diastolic volume index; ESVi – end-systolic volume index; SVi – stroke index; EF – ejection fraction; COi – cardiac index; LA – left atrial; SR – strain rate; ECV – extracellular volume; MPRI – myocardial perfusion reserve index; aPWV – aortic pulse wave velocity. Mean ± SD.