. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Oct 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Immigr Minor Health. 2020 Oct 8;23(5):1045–1052. doi: 10.1007/s10903-020-01099-y

Table 1.

Technology-based Communication with Friends among Venezuelan Immigrant Youth in the US

	All Youth ∣ [100%]		Ages 10-13 ∣ [28%]		Ages 14-17 ∣ [72%]		t-test
	M	(SD)	M	(SD)	M	(SD)	t-test
Communication w/ Friends in the USvia…
Phone/Voice	3.21	(1.06)	3.03	(1.18)	3.29	(1.00)	2.21^*
Text/Chat	3.44	(0.90)	2.98	(1.12)	3.62	(0.72)	6.79^***
Social Media	3.16	(1.06)	2.79	(1.11)	3.30	(1.01)	4.36^***
Communication w/ Friends in Venezuelavia…
Phone/Voice	2.93	(1.06)	2.74	(1.04)	3.01	(1.06)	2.30^*
Text/Chat	3.00	(1.02)	2.69	(1.04)	3.12	(0.98)	3.80^***
Social Media	2.62	(1.12)	2.51	(1.09)	2.66	(1.13)	ns

Note: Mean values(M) for each variable were significantly greater (p < .001) in the US as compared to the corresponding variable for Venezuela (e.g., phone/voice in US v. phone/voice in Venezuela). One sample t-tests compare the M for youth ages 10-13 and 14-17. SD = standard deviation.

p < .05

^**

p< .01

^***

p< .001