TABLE 2.
Clinical characteristics of the 3290 incident prostate cancer cases in the study, in total and according to cohort
| Clinical characteristic | Total | Västerbotten Intervention Programme (VIP) | Northern Sweden Monica Study (MONICA) | Malmö Diet and Cancer Study (MDCS) | Malmö Preventive Project (MPP) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 3290) | (n = 947) | (n = 257) | (n = 1623) | (n = 463) | |
| Follow‐up time from study enrolment to diagnosis, years | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 9.5 (6.2) | 6.1 (3.4) | 13.9 (7.9) | 11.8 (6.2) | 5.8 (3.5) |
| Year of diagnosis | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 2009 | 2013 | 2008 | 2006 | 2010 |
| Follow‐up time since diagnosis, years | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 6.5 (4.7) | 4.3 (2.9) | 5.7 (4.4) | 8.4 (5.4) | 5.6 (3.5) |
| Age at diagnosis, years | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 69.3 (7.4) | 63.4 (5.4) | 71.9 (7.6) | 71.4 (6.7) | 72.8 (6.5) |
| Charlson comorbidity index, n (%)a | |||||
| 0 (no comorbidity) | 2564 (78) | 833 (88) | 194 (75) | 1182 (73) | 355 (77) |
| 1 (mild comorbidity) | 296 (9) | 55 (6) | 22 (9) | 169 (10) | 50 (11) |
| ≥2 (severe comorbidity) | 220 (7) | 27 (3) | 25 (10) | 140 (9) | 28 (6) |
| Missing | 210 (6) | 32 (3) | 16 (6) | 132 (8) | 30 (6) |
| Detection mode of the prostate cancerb | |||||
| Asymptomatic (through a PSA‐test) | 1316 (40) | 506 (54) | 76 (31) | 531 (35) | 203 (45) |
| Lower urinary tract symptoms | 844 (26) | 267 (29) | 80 (32) | 331 (22) | 166 (37) |
| Other symptoms | 706 (21) | 148 (16) | 61 (24) | 422 (27) | 75 (17) |
| Missing | 424 (13) | 6 (1) | 32 (13) | 244 (16) | 7 (1) |
| Local clinical tumour stage, n (%) | |||||
| T0 | 38 (1) | 2 (<1) | 1 (<1) | 30 (2) | 5 (1) |
| T1a, b | 151 (4) | 15 (2) | 14 (5) | 91 (5) | 31 (7) |
| T1c | 1439 (44) | 584 (61) | 89 (35) | 586 (36) | 180 (39) |
| T1 unspecified | 30 (1) | 6 (1) | 4 (2) | 13 (1) | 7 (1) |
| T2 | 919 (28) | 245 (26) | 77 (30) | 474 (29) | 123 (27) |
| T3, 4 | 578 (18) | 75 (8) | 64 (25) | 334 (21) | 105 (23) |
| Missing | 135 (4) | 20 (2) | 8 (3) | 95 (6) | 12 (3) |
| Lymph node metastasis, n (%) | |||||
| N0, no lymph node metastasis | 582 (18) | 171 (18) | 31 (12) | 317 (20) | 63 (14) |
| N1, lymph node metastasis | 113 (3) | 44 (5) | 9 (4) | 39 (2) | 21 (4) |
| Nx, no lymph node extirpation performedc | 2453 (75) | 712 (75) | 209 (81) | 1165 (72) | 367 (79) |
| Missing | 142 (4) | 20 (2) | 8 (3) | 102 (6) | 12 (3) |
| Bone metastasis, n (%) | |||||
| M0, no bone metastasis | 1939 (59) | 729 (77) | 130 (51) | 834 (51) | 246 (53) |
| M1, bone metastasis | 258 (8) | 53 (6) | 37 (14) | 120 (8) | 48 (10) |
| Mx, no bone scan performedc | 951 (29) | 145 (15) | 82 (32) | 567 (35) | 157 (34) |
| Missing | 142 (4) | 20 (2) | 8 (3) | 102 (6) | 12 (3) |
| Tumour differentiation, n (%)d | |||||
| Low grade | 214 (6) | 0 (0) | 17 (7) | 192 (12) | 5 (1) |
| Intermediate grade | 450 (14) | 1 (<1) | 25 (10) | 398 (25) | 26 (6) |
| High grade | 220 (7) | 2 (<1) | 9 (3) | 196 (12) | 13 (3) |
| Gxc | 51 (2) | 0 (0) | 1 (<1) | 50 (3) | 0 (0) |
| Missing | 2355 (71) | 944 (99) | 205 (80) | 787 (48) | 419 (90) |
| Cancer risk category, n (%)e | |||||
| Localised low risk | 905 (28) | 350 (37) | 37 (14) | 423 (26) | 95 (21) |
| Localised intermediate risk | 954 (29) | 319 (34) | 82 (32) | 416 (26) | 137 (30) |
| Localised high risk | 703 (21) | 147 (16) | 52 (20) | 392 (24) | 112 (24) |
| Regionally metastatic/locally advanced | 189 (6) | 39 (4) | 22 (9) | 98 (6) | 30 (6) |
| Distant metastases | 329 (10) | 60 (6) | 48 (19) | 162 (10) | 59 (13) |
| Missing | 210 (6) | 32 (3) | 16 (6) | 132 (8) | 30 (6) |
| Primary treatment, n (%)f | |||||
| Conservative | 863 (26) | 265 (28) | 69 (27) | 392 (24) | 137 (30) |
| Curative | 1451 (44) | 561 (59) | 73 (29) | 656 (41) | 161 (35) |
| Non‐curative | 766 (23) | 61 (7) | 101 (39) | 458 (28) | 146 (31) |
| Dead before treatment decision | 7 (1) | 2 (<1) | 0 (0) | 3 (<1) | 2 (<1) |
| Missing | 203 (6) | 58 (6) | 14 (5) | 114 (7) | 17 (4) |
Abbreviations: PSA, prostate‐specific antigen; SD, standard deviation.
Based on discharge diagnoses in the Swedish Patient Register.
This information was recorded as of the year 2000, that is, 2 years after the National Prostate Cancer Register of Sweden became nationwide.
Nx, Mx and Gx imply that these were never measured, and the reason for missing data is unknown.
Classified according to Gleason grading or WHO grade into low grade (Gleason score 2–6 or WHO grade 1), intermediate grade (Gleason score 7 or WHO grade 2) or high grade (Gleason score ≥8 or WHO grade 3).
Localised low risk, T1‐2, Gleason score 2–6 and PSA < 10 ng/ml; localised intermediate risk, T1‐2, Gleason score 7 and/or PSA 10 to <20 ng/ml; localised high risk, T3 and/or Gleason score 8–10 and/or PSA 20 to <50 ng/ml; regionally metastatic/locally advanced, T4 and/or N1 and/or PSA 50 to <100 ng/ml in the absence of distant metastases; distant metastases, M1 and/or PSA ≥ 100 ng/ml.
Conservative treatment includes watchful waiting and active surveillance; curative treatment includes radical prostatectomy and radiotherapy; non‐curative treatment includes all androgen deprivation therapies (orchiectomy, GnRH agonists and antagonists) and antiandrogens.