Table 2.
Pharmacokinetic parameters of forsythin, M1 (aglycone), M2 (M1 sulfate), and M7 (M1 glucuronide) following administration of 100 mg forsythin capsules in 8 healthy subjects.
| Parameters | Forsythin | M1 | M2 | M7 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cmax (ng/mL) | 31.8 ± 6.5 | 3.81 ± 1.24 | 1450 ± 792 | 72.2 ± 55.1 |
| Tmax (h) | 1.25 (0.75–3.00) | 11.0 (4.00–14.0) | 5.00 (1.00–12.0) | 6.00 (1.00–12.0) |
| Cmax1 (ng/mL) | 29.7 ± 8.23 | 1.88 ± 0.97 | 893 ± 462 | 35.7 ± 29.6 |
| Tmax1 (h) | 1.25 (0.72–2.00) | 0.75 (0.50–3.00) | 0.875 (0.25–2) | 1.25 (0.72–2.50) |
| Cmax2 (ng/mL) | 22.0 ± 13.6 | 3.30 ± 1.79 | 1203 ± 946 | 59.8 ± 58.3 |
| Tmax2 (h) | 2.50 (3.00–6.00) | 6.00 (2.50–12.0) | 6.00 (3.00–12.0) | 6.00 (2.50–12.0) |
| AUC0–t (h·ng/mL) | 111 ± 34 | 31.3 ± 11.8 | 9700 ± 1890 | 417 ± 132 |
| AUC0–∞ (h·ng/mL) | 114 ± 34 | 45.3 ± 7.39 | 9860 ± 1960 | 477 ± 127 |
| t1/2 (h) | 1.75 ± 0.26 | 4.57 ± 2.88 | 4.36 ± 1.61 | 3.32 ± 1.47 |
| Vz/F (L) | 2370 ± 731 | – | – | – |
| CL/F (L/h) | 942 ± 265 | – | – | – |
Cmax maximum observed plasma concentration, Tmax time of the maximum concentration, AUC0–t area under the concentration–time curve from time zero to the last measurable concentration, AUC0–∞ area under the concentration–time curve from 0 h to the infinite time, tmax time to the Cmax, t1/2 apparent elimination half-life, Vz/F apparent volume of distribution, CL/F apparent clearance.